Nowadays，people often get 【小题1】 (stick) in traffic jams. In the last ten years, the number of cars on the roads in Britain 【小题2】 (rise) by 30% . Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution and traffic is one of the major 【小题3】 (cause) of global warming and climate change. The average global temperature is about 0. 5 degrees centigrade 【小题4】 (high) than it was 100 years ago. We know that cars are bad for us, but we carry on 【小题5】 (use) our cars so much because we are addicted 【小题6】 them. Jenny Trowe of Greenpeace gives us some advice. First, use our legs. Regular exercise cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%! Second, use public transport. On average, about forty people travel in one bus,【小题7】 the same number occupy thirty-three cars. Third, sharing cars 【小题8】 (be) much cheaper and kinder to the environment. In 【小题9】 word, we can do whichever of these things 【小题10】 suit us. Don’t just sit around and complain!

   Everyone has moments of forgetfulness from time to time, especially when life gets busy.

【小题1】, having a poor memory can be frustrating. However, research has shown that there are ways to improve your memory.

Sleep on it

Sleeping well helps make episodic memories stronger. 【小题2】, especially relating to learning motor skills, such as learning to play a musical instrument or ride a bike. Having a full night’s sleep soon after gaining a new skill helps strengthen the processes involved.

Believe to remember

Positive thinking appears to improve memory performance. Researchers found they could improve the performance of people aged 60 and above in memory tests by presenting them with positive age-related words such as “wise”, and “sharp-witted”. 【小题3】. Brain scans have shown differences in activity levels in brain regions, according to whether or not individuals believe they have good recall abilities or not.

【小题4】

Memories can be weakened if the brain doesn’t have enough downtime to strengthen them. More than a century ago, German scientists showed that people performed almost twice as well in memory tests if they took breaks.

Stay social

【小题5】. US scientists who asked people in their 50s and 60s to do memory tests every other year found there is a slower decline in recall abilities of their most so ciable persons. Having good friends, volunteering and other forms of social engagement also protect memory.

Four Ways to Beat Summer Weight Gain

When we think of the summer holiday，most of us think of outdoor fun. So it seems like we should naturally lose weight over the summer holiday. In reality，the summer holiday isn’t all beach volleyball and water sports. Therefore，we can gain weight easily in the summer holiday.【小题1】 Here are four ways to beat summer weight gain.

1.【小题2】 When we don’t have a plan，it’s easy to spend the summer holiday moving from the couch to the computer，with regular stops before the fridge. Avoid this by aiming for a specific goal，like volunteering，mastering a new skill，or working at a job. Just be sure to plan for some free time so you can relax a little！

2. Stay busy. When we’re bored，it’s easy to fall into a trap of doing nothing and then feeling low on energy. In addition to helping you avoid the cookie jar， filling your days with stuff to do can give you a sense of accomplishment.【小题3】

3. Beat the heat. Don’t let summer heat put your exercise plans on hold.【小题4】 If a gym isn’t your scene， try bowling or an indoor climbing wall. If you love being outdoors， move a regular run or soccer game to early morning or evening.

4.【小题5】 With school out， we lose our daily routines. If you don’t have a specific job or an activity to get up for，it’s easy to sleep late， watch too much TV，and snack more than usual. Make sure your summer days have some structure—like getting up at the same time each day. Plan activities for specific times，like exercising before breakfast.

   Brain fitness has basic principles：variety and curiosity. When anything you do becomes second nature，you need to make a change.If you can do the crosswords（纵横字谜）in your sleep，it’s time for you to move on to a new challenge in order to get the best workout for your brain. Curiosity about the world around you，how it works and how you can understand it will keep your brain working fast and efficiently.【小题1】

Play Games

Brain fitness programs and games are a wonderful way to tease and challenge your brain. Sudoku，crosswords and electronic games can all improve your brain’s speed and memory. These games rely on logic，word skills，math and more.【小题2】 You’ll get more benefit by doing these games a little bit every day—spend 15 minutes or so，not hours.

Think Deeply

Thinking deeply every day is perhaps the single greatest thing you can do for your mind or body health.【小题3】

Eat for Your Brain

【小题4】 Focus on fish oils from wild salmon（鲑），nuts such as walnuts，seeds such as flaxseed and olive oil. Eat more of these foods and less fats. Remove trans fats（反式脂肪）completely from your diet.

【小题5】

Stories are a way that we strengthen memories，explain events and share moments. Practice telling your stories，both new and old，so that they are interesting，attractive and fun. Some basic storytelling techniques will go a long way in keeping people’s interest both in you and in what you have to say.

   Do you like to learn about what is in the world around you？Do you often notice things that your friends don't notice？When you become interested in something，do you ask people about it and read books about it？Do you sometimes do experiments to find answers？If so，then you think in much the same way that a scientist thinks.

In school and at home no doubt you will read about scientific discoveries. Are there any good ways to help you read science then？Let's consider each of the four rules that you should follow.

1. KEEP YOUR MIND ON WHAT YOU ARE READING. Surely no one can successfully read a science article or a science textbook while thinking of other things. Many a car has run through a stop light because a careless driver was thinking of something besides his driving. The same thing is true of reading. If you think of nothing else while you are reading，you will become a better reader.

2. KNOW WHY YOU READ. The chapter titles and subtitles in science articles are usually worded in such a way that they attract your curiosity（好奇心）and make you want to read. They often tell you what you are going to read about and why you should read. The questions found at the beginning of the chapters guide you toward the information you want. Knowing why you read will help you become a better reader in science.

3. KNOW THE MEANING AND THE PRONUNCIATION OF EVERY WORD. Through the context，word structure rules and the glossary（词汇表）in your science book，you can discover the meaning and the pronunciation of most words in the articles. If a word is not in the glossary，use the dictionary.

4. FIT YOUR SPEED TO YOUR NEED. To get all the important information from your science book，you must read by degrees and carefully. Directions for experiments demand especially careful reading. If you misread them，the experiment may fail and you may reach wrong conclusions.