题干

Fear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, according to a study that has found a link between the cycles of a beating heart and the chance of someone feeling fear.
Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the moment when their hearts are contracting(收缩)and pumping blood around their bodies, compared with the point when the heartbeat is relaxed. Scientists say the results suggest that the heart is able to influence how the brain responds to a fearful event, depending on which point it is at in its regular cycle of contraction and relaxation.
Sarah Garfinkel at the Brighton and Sussex Medical School said: “Our study shows for the first time that the way in which we deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relation to our heart.”
The study tested 20 healthy volunteers on their reactions to fear as they were shown pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfinkel said, “The study showed that fearful faces are better noticed when the heart is pumping than when it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don’t see and guide whether we see fear.”
To further understand this relationship, the scientists also used a brain scanner(扫描仪)to show how the brain influences the way the heart changes a person’s feeling of fear.
“We have found an important mechanism by which the heart and brain ‘speak’ to each other to change our feelings and reduce fear,” Dr Garfinkel said.
“We hope that by increasing our understanding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be suffering from serious stress disorder.”
【小题1】What is the finding of the study?
A.Fear is a result of one’s relaxed heartbeat.
B.One’s heart affects how he feels fear.
C.Fear has something to do with one’s heart health.
D.One’s fast heartbeats are likely to cause fear.
【小题2】The conclusion was drawn by analyzing  .
A.volunteers’ heartbeats when they saw terrible pictures
B.the time volunteers saw fearful pictures and their health conditions
C.volunteers’ reactions to horrible pictures and data from their brain scans
D.different pictures shown to volunteers and their heart-brain communication
【小题3】Which of the following is closest in meaning to “mechanism” in Paragraph 6?
A.OrderB.Treatment
C.MachineD.System
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同类题2

   Salvador Dali (1904—1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more. Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces, most importantly The Persistence of Memory. There is also L’Enigme sans Fin from 1938, works on paper, objects, and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist’s showman qualities.

The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning, the world of birth. The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.

The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限). "From the infinity small to the infinity large, contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras," explains the Pompidou Centre.

The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作) with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg.

【小题1】Which of the following best describe Dali according to Paragraph 1?
A.Optimistic.B.Productive.
C.Generous.D.Traditional.
【小题2】What is Dali’s The Persistence of Memory considered to be?
A.One of his masterworks.B.A successful screen adaptation.
C.An artistic creation for the stage.D.One of the beat TV programmes.
【小题3】How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?
A.By popularity.B.By importance.
C.By size and shape.D.By time and subject.
【小题4】What does the word "contributions" in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Artworks.B.Projects.
C.Donations.D.Documents.

同类题3

   Pablo Picasso was born in Malaga,Spain in 1881.When he died in 1973,he was ninety-one years old. But he still took up his paints and brushes to start a new picture as if he were seeing things for the first time,which is why we have called him the youngest painter. Young people are always trying new things and new ways of doing things. They don't hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas.

When he was over ninety this great painter still lived his life like a young man. He was still restlessly looking new ideas and new ways to use his artistic materials. No one knew what to expect from him next. No one could be sure what kind of picture he would produce. If he had painted a picture of you, it might have looked exactly like you. Or it might have been all lines, squares, circles and strange-colored shapes. It might not have looked like human at all.

At such times Picasso was trying to paint what he saw with his mind as well as with his eyes. He put in the side of the face as well as the front. He may have painted it flat, as though it had no depth. Sometimes he seemed to paint just as a child painted, simply for his own pleasure. He didn't imitate others.

Most painters discover a style of painting that suits themselves and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. But Picasso was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. He was still struggling to find perfect expression for his own uneasy spirit.

The first thing one noticed about him was the look of his large, wide-open eyes. Gertrude Stein, a famous American writer who knew him in his youth, mentioned this hungry look, and one can still see it in pictures of him today.

Picasso painted a picture of Gertrude Stein in 1906. She visited the painter's studio eighty or ninety times while he painted her picture. While Picasso painted they talked about everything in the world that interested them. Then one day Picasso wiped out the painted head on which he had worked for so long. "When I look at you I can't see you any more!" he said.

Picasso went away for the summer. When he returned he went at once to the unfinished picture in the corner of his studio. Quickly he finished the face from memory. He could see the woman's face more clearly in his mind than he could see it when she sat in the studio in front of him.

Picasso was often attacked for this new, sometimes frightening style. It produced pictures like some of our worst dreams. The camera has made it unnecessary for painters to make exact representations of what they see. A camera can reflect real life more exactly. What great paintings give us is a view of life through one man's eyes, and every man's view is different.

【小题1】The example of the picture of Gertrude Stein is raised mainly to indicate Picasso ________.
A.was particular about his works
B.used more of his mind to paint
C.was a man of responsibility
D.was not appreciated at his time
【小题2】The last paragraph mainly illustrates that ________.
A.Picasso's paintings are beyond some people's comprehension
B.Picasso's paintings are too frightening
C.Picasso paints from his unique perspective
D.cameras are better at presenting real life
【小题3】Which of the following can best summarize Picasso's paintings?
A.Frightening and unpredictable.
B.Concrete and straightforward.
C.Abstract and unconventional.
D.Rigid and unusual.
【小题4】The best title for the passage might be "________".
A.The youngest painter in the world
B.What to expect from Picasso
C.How Picasso developed his way of painting
D.The greatest painter the world has ever seen

同类题4

   A good joke can be the hardest thing to understand when people are studying a foreign language. As a recent article in The Guardian noted,“There's more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar.”

Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as an unbelievable icebreaker for a language learner eager to form friendships with native speakers.“I always felt that humor was a ceiling that I could never break through,”Hannah Ashley,a public relations account manager in London,who once studied Spanish in Madrid,told The Guardian.“I could never speak to people on the same level as I would speak to a native English speaker. I almost came across as quite a boring person because all I could talk about was facts.”

In fact,most of the time,jokes are only funny for people who share a cultural background or understand humor in the same way. Chinese-American comedian Joe Wong found this out first-hand. He had achieved huge success in the US,but when he returned to China in 2008 for his first live show in Beijing,he discovered that people didn't think his Chinese jokes were as funny as his English ones.

In Australia,meanwhile many foreigners find understanding jokes about sports to be the biggest headache. “The hardest jokes are related to rugby because I know nothing about rugby,”said Melody Cao,who was once a student in Australia.“When I heard jokes I didn't get,I just laughed along.”

In the other two major English-speaking countries,the sense of humor is also different. British comedian Simon Pegg believes that while British people use irony(反话)一basically,saying something they don't mean to make a joke—every day,people in the US don't see the point of using it so often.“British jokes tend to be more subtle and dark,while American jokes are more obvious with their meanings,a bit like Americans themselves,”he wrote in The Guardian.

【小题1】It is implied in the noted sentence in Paragraph 1 that __________.
A.making jokes is a possible way for one to learn a foreign language better
B.humor is always conveyed to foreigners through vocabulary and grammar
C.vocabulary and grammar help you understand jokes in a foreign language
D.there tends to be something behind the words of a joke in a foreign language
【小题2】What can we learn about Hannah Ashley?
A.She thought that Spanish people generally did not have much of a sense of humor.
B.She believed that one had better rely on facts when speaking a foreign language.
C.She found that humor was a barrier to her to get along well with Spanish people.
D.She had a better command of Spanish language than English language.
【小题3】Joe Wong is used as an example to ___________.
A.suggest that there are cultural differences in humor
B.show that it's hard to put jokes into another language
C.prove that local people have different taste in humor
D.show that expressing ability affects the sense of humor
【小题4】From the text we can learn that ___________.
A.jokes about sports are difficult for all foreigners to understand
B.Americans are generally more humorous than British people
C.not all English speakers can understand English jokes easily
D.British people's dark jokes often make people uncomfortable

同类题5

   I had often dreamt of the possibility of spending a year away from my hometown of Leeds in England, living in a foreign country. When I was old enough, however, I thought that my language was going to hold me back.

However, luckily for me, University of Leeds, where I was studying at the time, made it possible for any student, even people like me speaking only one language, to study abroad. Before I knew it I was boarding a plane for Salzburg, Austria. I wasn’t quite sure what to expect of the experience ahead of me but I was prepared to accept the challenge.

The university was quite small but the classes were large. Also, Austrian students usually take five years to complete their courses, so studying there was somewhat more relaxing than at home. Austrian students go home quite often, too. Therefore, the foreign students had to socialise with each other quite a lot, which didn’t help with our language skills.

Salzburg itself is a picture-postcard Austrian city. It is also famous for being the birthplace of Mozart and the setting for The Sound of Music. As a result, it is usually very busy with tourists. I also found that it doesn’t have a lot of entertainment for young people, in comparison with Leeds.

There are, however, many advantages of living in Salzburg. For example, get on a train and you can be in Prague, Rome or Krakow within a matter of hours. By the end of my year in Salzburg, I had visited eight other countries in Europe.

After spending a year overseas, I went back to my courses in Leeds and I was much more focused on what I wanted to get out of my last year and more appreciative of the opportunity the university provided. The year in Salzburg really showed me that you get a lot more out of a place when you live there compared to when you are just travelling through. I’d recommend all students spend a year studying abroad if they can.

【小题1】In the author’s opinion, what may have prevented his studying abroad?
A.His not being old enough.B.His fearing the culture shock.
C.His becoming homesick easily.D.His not knowing a foreign language.
【小题2】Compared with University of Leeds, the university in Salzburg ________ .
A.provides more social eventsB.has longer university years
C.has more foreign studentsD.offers more small classes
【小题3】One advantage the author mentions about Salzburg is that ________ .
A.it’s convenient for people to travelB.it has a high-speed rail network
C.it’s the hometown of MozartD.it’s full of foreign tourists
【小题4】What does the author think of his experience of studying abroad?
A.He benefited a lot from it.B.He thought it made no difference to him.
C.It was far from what he had expected.D.It badly affected his studies at home.