语法填空

In 1882，at 19 months old，Helen Keller unfortunately 【小题1】（catch）a fierce fever. She survived but the fever left its mark--she could no longer see 【小题2】 hear. It was as if she had been thrown into a dark prison cell. 【小题3】（luck），Helen was not someone who gave up easily. She began to explore the world 【小题4】 using the other senses. By the age of seven，she had invented over 60 different signs by means of 【小题5】 she could talk to her family.

With days passing by，Helen came 【小题6】（realize）that she was different from others and that there were a lot of 【小题7】（restrict）on her communication. This made her so angry that her behaviour was often【小题8】（bear）. Eventually，it became clear that something had to be done. So，just before her seventh birthday，her superb teacher，Anne Sullivan came to her life. 【小题9】（help）by her teacher，she gradually became gentle and learnt to read and write in Braille. Besides，she even learnt to speak，a major 【小题10】（achieve）for someone who could not speak at all.

Helen made continual efforts to go deeper into the kingdom of knowledge，and her perseverance（坚持不懈）paid off at last.

   Isaac Asimov is one of the most famous science fiction（科幻小说）writers of all time. He moved from Russia to the United States in 1923.He was a teacher at Boston University and began writing science fiction stories in 1939.His most famous works are the Foundation books and the Robot stories. He died in 1992 at the age of 72.

"There are not many people who have invented a useful scientific term，and although I did it unknowingly，I am not going to let anyone in the world forget it，"said Isaac Asimov. He was talking about the word "robotics" —the study of robot behaviour.

Asimov wrote several stories about robots between 1940 and 1990.One of the special features of the robots in these stories was that they were programmed to follow the Three Laws of Robotics.

The First Law: A robot must not hurt a human being，or allow a human being to be hurt.

The Second Law: A robot must obey orders by human beings unless these orders conflict（冲突）with the First Law.

The Third Law: A robot must protect itself unless this conflicts with the First or Second Law.

In Asimov's stories，the robots must follow these laws so that they do not attack the humans that created them.

Some scientists think the Three Laws of Robotics are hard to realise in real life. On the other hand，some say that the laws are great for science fiction but completely useless in real life. For example，if the laws really worked，robots couldn't be used in wars，as this would break the First Law. Since the army is one of the biggest supporters for robotic research，it is very unlikely that an attempt to follow these rules will happen.

According to Asimov，one thing is certain："Robots are changing the world and driving it in directions we cannot clearly foresee（预见）."

【小题1】At Boston University, Isaac ________.

A．learned to write stories

B．started to write science fiction stories

C．taught the writing of science fiction stories

D．invented a robot for writing

【小题2】According to some scientists, the Three Laws of Robotics are ________.

A．boring	B．important
C．practical	D．unrealistic

【小题3】Based on the Three Laws of Robotics, robots can't be used ________.

A．in real life	B．in wars
C．in the army	D．in the writing

   Ludwig van Beethoven is the most famous classical composer of the Western world. He is known for his powerful music and for continuing to compose after he became deaf.

Born to a musical family in the small German city of Bonn in December 1770, Beethoven was an excellent pianist and violinist as a boy. He soon became the first important composer to earn a successful living without working for the church or court. Beethoven began to lose his hearing in the late 1790s and by 1819 he was totally deaf. When he heard nothing, in order to hear the notes (音符), he cut the legs off the piano so that he could feel the vibrations (震动)as he played.

Beethoven enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside. The villagers respected him a lot and would not bother him when they passed him. He was a strange man with his untidy clothes, wild hair and a bad temper.

For his last 15 years Beethoven was regarded as the world’s best composer. The four-note beginning to his Fifth Symphony is one of the most famous moments in all of music. The notes were described as “Fate knocking at the door”. He wrote the popular Moonlight Sonata in 1801.

Beethoven never married. After his death in March 1827, his friends found his letters to a lover, but they never found out who she was.

Besides lots of concerts and broadcasts, over 200 films use Beethoven’s music. Although he died many years ago, Beethoven is still influencing the music world.

【小题1】Most of Beethoven’s works are of___________.

A．light music	B．powerful music
C．sad music	D．violin music

【小题2】According to the passage, what can we know about Beethoven?

A．He was totally deaf at the age of 28.

B．He didn’t like working for the church or court.

C．His family had some effect on him in music.

D．Many of Beethoven’s works were composed for a girl.

【小题3】Why did many people think of Beethoven as a strange man?

A．Because he continued to compose after his deafness.

B．Because he never married all his life.

C．Because he enjoyed taking long walks in the countryside.

D．Because he didn’t care for his appearance and had a bad temper.

【小题4】What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Beethoven, the world’s best composer

B．Beethoven, a very strange composer

C．Beethoven, a struggling composer

D．Beethoven, the world’s most productive composer

   John B. Goodenough, an engineering professor from the University of Texas at Austin, has been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry-jointly with M. Stanley Whittingham, a chemistry professor from the State University of New York and Japan’s Akira Yoshino, a professor of Meijo University-for the development of lithium-ion batteries (锂电池). According to the Nobel Committee, the three scientists “have created the right conditions for a wireless and fossil fuel-free society, and so brought the greatest benefit to humankind”.

Goodenough, born in 1922, identified and developed the key materials that can power portable electronics, leading to the wireless revolution. Today, batteries containing Goodenough’s innovations are used worldwide for mobile phones, power tools, laptops, tablets and other wireless devices, as well as electric vehicles.

Goodenough received a bachelor’s degree in mathematics from Yale University and a doctorate in physics from the university of Chicago. He beat the odds against him, first overcoming dyslexia (阅读困难症) as a child, and then the claim of a teacher who told the doctoral student in his 20s that he had started too late to be successful in physics.

He began his career in 1952 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Lincoln Laboratory, where he laid the groundwork for the development of random-access memory (RAM) for the digital computer. After MIT, Goodenough became a professor and head of the Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory at the University of Oxford where in 1979 he discovered it would be possible to store energy in rechargeable batteries through lithium cobalt oxide (锂钴氧化物).That discovery helped develop the lithium-ion battery. Goodenough joined the University of Texas at Austin in 1986, where his groundbreaking work continued.

At 97 years old, he still continues to push the boundaries of materials science. Despite the lithium-ion battery being well developed and available as a commercial product, it has its limitations. It can’t be charged too fast or overcharged. Goodenough still wants to see some new developments.

“I hope Ut-Austin still keeps me employed,” Goodenough once joked.

【小题1】The underlined phrase “beat the odds” in Paragraph 3 means “  “.

A．become very famous	B．face the challenges
C．win the competition	D．overcome the difficulties

【小题2】What can we infer from the passage?

A．In MIT, Goodenough made the important discovery leading to the development of the Lithium-ion battery.

B．When he studied for his doctorate in university, not all his teachers encouraged him to be successful.

C．According to the Nobel Committee, Goodenough made the greatest contributions in the discovery.

D．Because of his old age, Goodenough found it difficult to improve the limitations of the lithium-ion battery.

【小题3】What is the best title for the text?

A．The Father of the Lithium-ion Batteries.	B．Three Scientists are Awarded the Nobel Prize.
C．Make the World “Good enough”.	D．It’s Never too Old to Learn.

   36-year-old Victoria Murden McClure is a real adventurer. She has been on many mountaineering expeditions（探险）. She was also the youngest person in a team that skied 1，200 kilometers across Antarctica to the South Pole in 1989，and became one of only two women ever to travel to the Pole by land.

The journey across the Atlantic was her third attempt. The first time she failed because of illness，and during her second attempt，in 1998，she nearly died. She had rowed nearly 5，000 kilometers when her boat was hit by Hurricane Danielle. McClure was suddenly in the middle of 80 mph wind，and surrounded by waves that were 20 meters high.

Her little boat turned over five times. McClure was sure that she was going to die —she took the video recorder that she had brought with her and recorded a goodbye message to her family and friends. The hurricane continued into night，and The Pearl turned over five more times.

McClure was determined not to send a signal asking to be rescued-she didn't want other people to risk their lives. But after the eleventh capsizing（倾袭）of her boat，she finally sent it and a large ship came and found her. However，they couldn't get her boat out of the rough sea—it was found months later near the coast of Portugal.

Victoria Murden McClure had concussion（脑震荡）and a dislocated shoulder when she got home. Many people might have given up after an experience like this，but one year later，McClure was back in her repaired boat and tried again. This time she was successful，and although she again met a hurricane on the journey，which stopped her from breaking the record for the fastest transatlantic rowing crossing，she only overturned once！

【小题1】According to the first paragraph，we can know that in 1989 __________.

A．only two women landed on the South Pole

B．more than two people traveled to the South Pole

C．the journey to the Pole was McClure's first attempt

D．McClure was the only woman in the expedition team

【小题2】The reason why McClure nearly died on the journey across the Atlantic was that __________.

A．she was ill	B．she came across a strong wind
C．she lost her way	D．none came to her rescue

【小题3】What does the underlined words "The Pearl" refer to __________.

A．Hurricane Danielle	B．the rescue ship
C．McClure's boat	D．the expedition team

【小题4】What can we learn from the passage？

A．McClure didn't send any signal for rescue on the second journey across the Atlantic.

B．People didn't find her boat any more after the second journey across the Atlantic.

C．McClure was badly physically hurt on the second journey across the Atlantic.

D．McClure said goodbye to the transatlantic rowing crossing after the second journey across the Atlantic.