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Jumping spiders (跳蛛) are vital for agricultural pest control, and 【小题1】 species can even learn to distinguish (辨别) the color red in their prey (猎物), a 2015 study 【小题2】 (show). They are able to learn to associate this color 【小题3】 poisonous prey and avoid it or find out high-quality prey.

Jumping spiders will eat almost any small pest, 【小题4】 (range) from caterpillars to flies. Not only does this 【小题5】 (natural) reduce the amount of agricultural damage from insect pests, but it means farmers can avoid using chemical treatments 【小题6】 (protect) their crops.

In total, a large number of jumping spiders, over 5,000 species, 【小题7】 (find) on every continent except Antarctica by now. Being able to adapt to the environment is a key evolutionary skill. Since the spiders are able to distinguish 【小题8】 foods are nutritious, from those that are 【小题9】 (harm). They can stay alive longer and manage a wide 【小题10】 (various) of pests.

Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. While the limits of a person’s intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.
It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(随机地) from population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.
Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.
【小题1】Which best describes the writer’s point in Para.1?

A．Intelligence is given at birth.

B．Intelligence is developed by the environment.

C．Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.

D．Some people are born clever and others born stupid.

【小题2】It is suggested in this passage that __________.

A．close relations usually have similar intelligence

B．unrelated people are not likely to have similar intelligence

C．the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligence

D．people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence

【小题3】The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows_________.

A．the importance of their intelligence

B．the effect of environment on intelligence

C．the importance of their positions

D．the part that birth plays

【小题4】The best title for this article would be “_____________”.

A．On Intelligence

B．What Intelligence Means

C．Born with Intelligence

D．Environment Decides Intelligence

   "Creativity is the key to a brighter future, "say education and business experts. Here is how schools and parents can encourage this important skill in children.

If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have the product that we now think of as great importance: a new type of tape. Drew worked for the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. At work he developed a kind of material strong enough to hold things together. But his boss told him not to think more about the idea. Finally, using his own time, Drew improved the tape, which now is used everywhere by many people. And his former company learned from its mistake. Now it encourages people to spend 15 percent of their working time just thinking about and developing new ideas.

Creativity is not something one is just born with, nor is it necessarily a character of high intelligence. The fact that a person is highly intelligent does not mean that he uses it creatively. Creativity is the matter of using the resources one has to produce new ideas that are good for something.

Unfortunately, schools have not tried to encourage creativity. With strong attention to test results and the development of reading, writing and mathematical skills, many educators give up creativity for correct answers. The result is that children can gain information but can't recognize ways to use it in new situations. They may know the rules correctly but they are unable to use them to work out practical problems.

It is important to give children choices. From the earliest age, children should be allowed to make decisions and understand their results. Even if it' choosing between two food items for lunch, decision-making helps thinking skills. As children grow older, parents should try to let them decide how to use their time or spend their money. This is because the most important character of creative people is a very strong desire to find a way out of trouble.

【小题1】What did the company where Drew once worked learn from its mistake?

A．It should encourage people to work a longer time.

B．People should be discouraged to think freely.

C．People will do better if they spend most of their working time developing new ideas.

D．It is necessary for people to spend some of their working time considering and developing new ideas.

【小题2】We can know from the passage that creativity _________.

A．something that most people are born with

B．something that has nothing to do with intelligence at all

C．a way of using what one has learned to work out new problems

D．something that is not important to the life in the future at all

【小题3】Why don't schools try to encourage creativity？

A．They don't attach importance to creativity education.

B．They don't want their students to make mistakes.

C．They pay no attention to examination marks.

D．They think it impossible to develop creativity in class.

【小题4】What should the parents do when their children decide how to spend their money？

A．Allow them to have a try.

B．Try to help them as much as possible.

C．Take no notice of whatever they do.

D．Order them to spend the least money.

   Just like humans, birds rely on sound to communicate, too. Often, birds recognize their mates or young by sound rather than sight. Hungry young birds use begging calls to let their mothers know it is feeding time, and warning calls are other sounds given out frequently by the adults. In addition to all these regular calls, some male birds develop beautiful songs intended（打算）to attract the females.

A new study carried out by an American university shows that songbirds practice their songs even in their sleep. The research team discovered that the electrical brain activity of the birds that were asleep was similar to the brain activity produced when the birds were awake and singing. Clearly the bird stores a song after hearing it, then practices it later in its sleep. Scientists now believe the birds dream of songs to help them master the fine art of singing and that sleep plays a key role in the learning process！

It is commonly known that many songbirds learn to sing by listening to adult birds of the same species. If taught the song of an adult of another bird species, the chick grows up singing the new song and passes on the foreign song to its chicks. For instance, researchers carried out an experiment in which a male bullfinch（红腹灰雀）was raised by a female canary（金丝雀）. The bullfinch soon learned the canary's songs and when it was later mated to a female bullfinch, Mr. Bullfinch taught his children the canary's songs.

Early last year, a British survey of London's songbirds showed that the city's birds are losing their melodies. Birds could hardly hear one another over the traffic noise；as a result they had difficulty in learning songs and communicating with potential mates. And instead of copying the sweet notes of the adults, chicks were copying sounds, which they heard most often—namely car horns（喇叭）and mobile phones！

【小题1】What can we learn according to Paragraph 2？

A．Sleep helps songbirds master new songs.

B．Songbirds can even hear songs in their dreams.

C．The study was carried out by Australian scientists.

D．The brain activity of songbirds would stop in their sleep.

【小题2】Why does Mr. Bullfinch teach his children the canary's songs？

A．Because he wants to help them learn a foreign language.

B．Because he can't sing bulfinches' songs.

C．Because he wants to make them get along well with other birds.

D．Because the canary's songs are more attractive.

【小题3】What's the problem of the city's birds according to the passage？

A．They have lost their voices.

B．They are losing their habitats.

C．They are bothered by the city's noises.

D．They tend to refuse to learn songs from adults.

【小题4】What conclusion can we draw from the passage？

A．The city's birds can learn more songs.

B．All birds learn foreign songs during their life.

C．It may be difficult for the city's birds to find their mates.

D．Young birds can tell the difference between songs and noises.

   We live in a world where we want everything instantly. In this instant world it is hard to succeed in anything. To achieve your goal you first have to change your life from instantly to persistently(坚持地).
Persistence is the course you need to set. When you change your expectancy from instantly to persistently you will gain an advantage of time that many do not have. Time works against those who live instantly. Opportunities are never seen because when something doesn't happen instantly people move on to the next thing on their list and consider the current goal a failure.
Persistent people have the advantage of time. It allows them to step back, observe and assess the progress of the goal they are pursuing(追求). Some things take longer to develop; some just need to be left there for a while to find their own way.
When you live instantly you gain and lose instantly. Many times you do not know how you got there or how to get back because it is not repeatable.
When you live persistently you learn how things work, how to correct a plan and how to guide it to make it successful. You do not panic because you know you have more than enough time.
Slow down and take time to enjoy the journey. If what you are doing is not fun then stop doing it and do something else.
Everything you do should be in pursuit of a better tomorrow than you had yesterday. You should take time to develop your abilities to reach your goals. Do not get discouraged just because your success is not instant.
Celebrate each step along the way. People who live instantly don't take time to appreciate what they have accomplished. They are just looking for the next thing that they can get instantly.
You must be grateful for the time it takes to reach your goal. Persistence will get you there if you really want to get there.
【小题1】People who want things instantly will fail in many things because _______.

A．they want greater efficiency

B．they don't stick to their goal

C．they often change their lifestyle

D．they tend to pursue a higher target

【小题2】The main advantage persistent people have over instant people is ______.

A．the willpower	B．a target
C．a plan	D．an opportunity

【小题3】According to the text, persistent people ______.

A．focus more on the result

B．work slower than instant people

C．will get rewarded for their efforts

D．look for the next thing to do immediately when finishing one target

【小题4】The writer's main purpose of writing the text is _______.

A．to blame those who live instantly

B．to persuade people to live happily

C．to praise those who have succeeded.

D．to suggest learning the art of persistence