Ask most people anywhere in the world what they want out of life and the reply will probably be“to be happy”. Ed Deiner，an American psychology professor，has spent his whole life studying what makes people happy，comparing levels of happiness between cultures and trying to find out exactly why we enjoy ourselves.

Many people would say that this question does not need an answer. But Professor Deiner has one anyway. “If you’re a cheerful，happy person，your marriage is more likely to last，and you’re more likely to make money and be successful in your job. On average，happy people have stronger immune systems（免疫系统），and there is some evidence that they live longer. ”

So who are the world’s happiest people？It depends on how the word is defined. There is individual（个人的）happiness，the sense of joy we get when we do something we like. But there is also the feeling of satisfaction we get when we know that others respect us and approve of how we behave. According to Professor Deiner，the Western world pursues individual happiness while Asia prefers mutual satisfaction.

“In the West，the individualistic culture means that your mood matters much more than it does in the East. People ask themselves if they are doing what is fun or interesting. They become unhappy when they can’t do any of these things. If you ask people from Japan or China whether they are happy，they tend to look at what has gone wrong in their lives. If not much has gone wrong，then they are satisfied. ”

“People from Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries have the happiest culture，”Professor Deiner found. “The biggest cultural difference is to do with pride and shame. Hispanic cultures report much more pride and much less shame than others. ”

Income（收入）also makes a big difference to people’s happiness，but only at the lowest levels. Average income earners in the US are much happier than people in poverty. But millionaires are only a little bit happier than people on average incomes. It seems that money makes us happy when we have enough to feel safe.

Controlling Anger

Becoming angry is something beyond the control of people.【小题1】 Becoming angry can do a lot of damage，both mental and physical. However，there are methods for discovering how to control anger and not to suffer later.

·【小题2】 The moment you feel there are chances for you to become angry，get away from those circumstances（环境）.In fact，there can be no better judge than you，for discovering what it is or who it is that makes you become angry，and then at that moment choosing to think about something else that can lighten your feelings.

·Keep a check on your breathing.【小题3】 By controlling the process of breathing，you can actually slow down your anger greatly. You can count till three as you breathe in，hold it for 3 seconds and again count till three while breathing out. You have to concentrate on the count as you do this and repeat this for as many times as required.

·【小题4】 For example, if you’re experiencing road rage while driving，you can choose to tell yourself that the person who overtook you by a vehicle was in a hurry as a result of some emergency and appreciate the fact that nothing major happened to your car. Repeat this form of self-talk to yourself every time you are in the middle of such an angry situation.

·Look for the support of other people.【小题5】 It needs to be clear right at the beginning as to why you are discussing your concerns with that individual. Let the other individual know what you want from him or her. After you’re done with your part of discussing about the circumstances，chances are that you’ll feel much better than before.

   About ten men in every hundred suffer from color-blindness in some way. Women are luckier: only about one in two hundred is affected on this matter. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman!

There are different forms of color-blindness. In some cases a man may not be able to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are all shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot tell the difference between blue and green. In rare cases an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green — a strange world indeed.

Color-blindness in human beings is a strange thing to explain. In a single eye there are millions of very small things called "cones". These help us to see in bright light and to tell the difference between colors. There are also millions of "rods", but these are used for seeing when it is near dark. They show us shapes but no color.

Some insects have favorite colors. Mosquitoes（蚊子） prefer blue to yellow. A red light will not attract insects, but a blue lamp will. In a similar way human beings also have favorite colors. Yet we are lucky.

With the aid of the cones in our eyes we can see many beautiful colors by day, and with the aid of the rods we can see shapes at night. One day we may even learn more about the invisible colors around us.