随着私家车的普及，城市的交通堵塞越来越严重。最近，本市正在考虑借鉴伦敦和新加坡的经验，对市区的私家车收取一定的交通拥堵费用（a congestion fee），对此你们班进行了一场讨论，现在请你根据以下讨论的情况，用英语给你校校英语报写一篇短文投稿。

赞成	反对	我的看法
减少污染；缓解交通压力	车主已经支付了太多的费用；对经济发展不利	……

 
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
With the development of our society, more and more private cars stream onto the road, which brings a big problem to our city. So shall we charge the car drivers a congestion fee？
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语法填空

Beijing was once a city of bikes，known as the Bicycle Kingdom，【小题1】cars were reserved for official business and the politically powerful. However，decades of economic 【小题2】（grow）led to a huge flowing of cars in the city. Owning one became not just a marker of reaching the middle class but also a requirement for marriage. As the economy developed，autos pushed bikes off the roads，【小题3】（create）heavy pollution and miserable traffic.

【小题4】（fortunate），now Beijing may be returning to its roots. Thanks to about 20 technology companies，brightly colored shared bikes 【小题5】（flood）into Beijing in the last two years. Many local residents welcome the shared bikes 【小题6】the flexibility and freedom they offer. They pick up the bikes and then ride and drop 【小题7】off anywhere they like，locking the back wheel，with no need 【小题8】（find）a fixed place.

Analyses in China say it is three factors that contribute to bikes' increasing rapidly: a lot of cash looking for a home, a good idea and government support. "As the city's population grew, traffic jams got 【小题9】 (bad). "Cai, the ofo spokeswoman, said, "Shared bikes could solve the' last mile' problem in 【小题10】environmentally friendly way."

语法填空

According to a recent survey, violence（暴力）did exist in schools. Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also 【小题1】（express）their great concern about it. Experts hope 【小题2】 whole society should pay more attention to the psychological health of teenagers.

Nowadays, school violence is a hot issue. I think this is a phenomenon（现象）, which 【小题3】（call）for our great concern. We should make every effort 【小题4】（prevent）violence happening at school for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 【小题5】（safe）could not be guaranteed（保证）. In fact, violence can be learned. 【小题6】（actual）, children learn violent behavior from adults or from 【小题7】 they see on television or on the Internet.

If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence with violence, for it will result in 【小题8】（much）fighting. I will tell my teachers and parents about it. I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me 【小题9】 the bad guys.

All in all, we students should behave 【小题10】（we） and keep away from violence.

   Robyn Lee， a 15-year-old teenage girl who studies at York Community High School， US says she has four friends. But she also has 15 to 20 other friends she considers part of her regular social circle.

“It's like a bad thing to have only one， friend ，”explained Robyn. “If you have one friend， it means only one person likes you. That’s not cool，” she said.

For many years， experts studying teen friendships have known that teenagers prefer to travel in groups. In studies conducted in 1963 and in 1995， researchers found teen friendship groups averaged six people. In 2005， when teens were asked about how many friends they kept in touch with regularly， the average answer was 20.

The change to bigger -group friendships has advantages， such as increasing more connections and improving teens' self-pride by giving them a place to belong.

However， the change also has some disadvantages，say psychologists. “The meaning of friendship is becoming much more complicated，” said Bernardo Carducci， a professor of psychology at Indiana University Southeast.

MaryRose Moss， a 17-year-old in Chicago， knows how she could get more friends. She created a Facebook page when she was 14 and within months ， she had her group of 500 friends.

Text messaging has opened the door to many new connections， she says. “I'm friends with some people that I wouldn't be as close to if it weren't for technology，” said Moss. “It's so easy to send a text to somebody even if you don't know him very well. ”

Some psychologists wonder whether social-networking technology is affecting some skills children once got from making friends in the old-fashioned way.

“In the past， you argued， discussed and reached an agreement， but if somebody disagrees with you now， you can ‘defriend’ him with the click of keys，” said Carducci.

Marianne Boe， a social studies teacher in Chicago ， sees signs of changing friendships in the hallways. Ten years ago， she could easily know groups of girls who stayed friends through all four years of high school. “Today， it's harder，” Boe said.

【小题1】Robyn is introduced at the beginning _____________ .

A．to show how today's teenagers make friends

B．to give an example of modern teen friendship patterns

C．to show that today's teenagers are afraid of loneliness

D．to give an example of teen addiction to social networks

【小题2】What is behind the change to bigger-group friendships，according to the passage?

A．Text messaging.

B．Changes in teen taste.

C．Modern technology.

D．Social-networking culture.

【小题3】What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Teenagers don't know how to develop really close friendships.

B．Teenagers change their friends more often than before.

C．True friends no longer appear in the school hallways.

D．Teenagers respect others' privacy more than before.

   Common Sense Media，a group that helps children，parents and teachers better understand media and technology，did a study. It paid attention to all kinds of media-related activities，from old methods like reading and listening to the radio，to new favorites like using social media and video chatting. More than 2，600 kids were surveyed. Here are some truths and myths（错误观念）the study found：

Truth 1：Some teens spend too much time looking at screens.

One in five teens spends more than six hours on screens each day，and 18%of teens are looking at their screens for more than 10 hours a day. Often they watch television on one while chatting with friends on another.

Myth 1：This is the end of reading.

The average（平均的）time young people spend reading，either in print or on a screen，is only 30 minutes a day. However，kids who received the survey say reading is one of their favorite activities.

Truth 2：Boys prefer video games while girls prefer social media.

Among teen boys，71% enjoy playing video games，twice as many as teen girls. And while more than 25%of teen boys list playing video games as their favorite media activity，only 2%of teen girls do.

What's more，teen girls spend about 40 minutes more each day on social media than boys do.

Myth 2：TV and music have been muscled out（强行逐出）.

For teens，TV is still the top media activity. They enjoy it most and watch it every day. In fact，47%of teens have TV sets in their bedrooms. For teens，while 57%have TV sets in their rooms，music is the main form of amusement. However，only about a third listen to music on the radio. Most teens listen to it on their smartphones.

Note: You are a teen if you are between 13 and 19 years old，while a tween is a child between the ages of 10 and 12.

【小题1】What can we learn from Truth 1？

A．Teens prefer to watch TV rather than chat with

B．Teen boys spend a lot of time in reading.

C．20% of teens spend more than 6 hours on screens a day.

D．teens spend too much time chatting with friends online.

【小题2】What's the percent of teen girls enjoying playing video games?

A．About 2%.	B．About 25%.
C．About 35%.	D．About 70%.

【小题3】From Myth 2, we can learn that_____.

A．teens watch TV less than teens every day

B．most teens wish to have their own smartphones

C．more teens have TV sets in their bedrooms than teens

D．it's popular for teens to listen to music on a smartphone

【小题4】What is the subject of the survey?

A．Kids' reading activities.

B．Kids' interests and hobbies.

C．Media and technology in kids' life.

D．The bad effect of social media on kids.