When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late，but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser. You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
Winners are great at overcoming problems. For example, if you were late because your car broke down, maybe you need to have your car examined more regularly. Or, you might start to carry along with you the useful phone numbers, so you could call for help when in need. For another example, if your colleague causes you problems on the job for lack of responsibility or ability, find ways of dealing with his irresponsibility or inability rather than simply blame the person. Ask to work with a different person, or don’t rely on this person. You should accept that the person is not reliable and find creative ways to work successfully regardless of how your colleague fails to do his job well.
This is what being a winner is all about—creatively using your skills and talents so that you are successful no matter what happens. Winners don’t have fewer problems in their lives; they have just as many difficult situations to face as anybody else. They are just better at seeing those problems as challenges and opportunities to develop their own talents. So, stop focusing on “whose fault it is.” Once you are confident about your power over bad situations, problems are just stepping stones for success.
【小题1】According to the passage, winners .

A．blame themselves rather than others

B．meet with fewer difficulties in their lives

C．have responsible and able colleagues

D．deal with problems rather than blame others

【小题2】The underlined word remedyin Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.

A．improve

B．accept

C．avoid

D．consider

【小题3】When problems occur, winners take them as ______.

A．excuses for their failures	B．chances for self-development
C．challenges to their colleagues	D．barriers to greater power

【小题4】Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A．A Winner’s Opportunity.	B．A Winner’s Problem.
C．A Winner’s Secret.	D．A Winner’s Achievement.

Stress may be defined as the response of the body to any demand.  Whenever people experience something pleasant or unpleasant, we say they are under stress.  We call the pleasant kind “eustress”, the unpleasant kind “distress”.
People sometimes compare our lives with that of the caveman, who didn’t have to worry about the stock market or the atomic bomb (原子弹). They forget that the caveman worried about being eaten by a bear or about dying of hunger—things that few people worry about today.  It is not that people suffer more stress today; it is just that they think they do.
It is inconceivable (不可思议) that anyone should have no stress at all.  Most people who are ambitious and want to accomplish something live on stress. They need it. But excessive stress is by all means harmful.  Worse, chronic (长期的) exposure to stress over a long time may cause more serious diseases and may actually shorten your life.    //The most frequent causes of distress in man are psychological—lack of adaptability (适应能力), not having a code (规范，准则) of behaviour. So the secret of dealing with stress is not to avoid it but to do what you like to do and what you are made to do, at your own rate.  For most people, it is really a matter of learning how to behave in various situations. The most important thing is to have a code of life, to know how to live.
【小题1】The modern man is suffering 　　　.

A．more stress than the caveman	B．less stress than the caveman
C．different stress from the caveman	D．the same stress as the caveman

【小题2】Which of the following is an example of eustress?

A．Being lack of adaptability and code of life.	B．Triumph (成功，胜利) in a contest.
C．Having just lost a job.	D．Learning how to do something.

【小题3】The best way to deal with stress is to 　　　.

A．do the things of our own accord	B．try to lengthen our life
C．become ambitious in business	D．get more eutress and meet less distress

【小题4】The main idea of the passage is 　　　.

A．how to form a code of life	B．that life means stress
C．how we are supposed to treat stress	D．how to prevent stress in advance

【小题5】What does the underlined words in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．give a definition for the meaning of a word	B．give direction to
C．grow worse	D．refused

Four Ways to Make Your Shoes Feel Better

According to the American Podiatric Medical Association, the vast majority of people experience foot pain at some point in their lives. The reason for most foot pain is that shoes fit poorly or force the feet into unnatural shapes. 【小题1】 Aside from carefully selecting the right shoes, there are some easy measures you can take to keep your feet from being painful.

1. Stretching Your Shoes

If your feet are rubbing against your shoes this could indicate that you need more width, length or both. However, sometimes going to the next larger size is not a choice, as the next size may be too large. 【小题2】.

2. Using Shoe Inserts (插入物)

Both doctors and those in the shoe repair industry often recommend inserts to increase shoe comfort. 【小题3】.

Determining the best insert for your shoes depends on what hurts.

3. 【小题4】

The way you lace (由带子系紧) your shoes can make a world of difference in their comfort. Lacing them too tightly or incorrectly can make your feet hurt. Cramped toes, rubbing on the top of the foot, and pressure on the big toe can likely be relieved if you lace your shoes different.

4. Wearing Socks

【小题5】.They are usually made of cotton or nylon. Not only do they add an extra layer of cushion to your shoes but they also keep your feet from sweating. This prevents moisture (水汽) from forming in the shoe. Moisture in your shoes can cause blisters and calluses on your feet.

A．Adjusting Shoelaces

B．Buying Shoes Without Shoelaces

C．There are a lot of shoe inserts to choose from

D．In fact, ill-fitting shoes are a top cause of foot pain

E．Socks are of great help to add more comfort to your shoes

F．Therefore, you need to know the size your feet are fit for

G．In this case stretching the shoes may be a good solution

   El Nifio, a Spanish term for “the Christ child”, was named by South American fisherman who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas. El Nifio sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects both good and bad, are felt in many places. Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio, on balance, than they lose. A study found that a strong Nifio in 1997 helped American’s economy grow by 15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvest, farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain. The total rise in agricultural in rich countries in growth than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames. A multi-year drought (干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse. Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Nino, in 1997-98, killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe. But such Ninos come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare. According to the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards. This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure (基础设施）can reduce the spread of disease. Better sewers (下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach. Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods. According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Nino’s harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link. Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people. Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
【小题1】What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1?

A．It is named after a South American fisherman.

B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.

C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.

D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.

【小题2】What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected?

A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.

B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.

C．Rich countries’ gains are greater than their losses.

D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.

【小题3】The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that_________.

A．more investment should go to risk reduction

B．governments of poor countries need more aid

C．victims of El Nino deserve more compensation

D．recovery and reconstruction should come first

【小题4】What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?

A．To introduce El Nino and its origin.

B．To explain the consequences of El Nino.

C．To show ways of fighting against El Nino.

D．To urge people to prepare for El Nino.