语法填空

Chinese culture certainly has no shortage of【小题1】（symbol）of good fortune，many of them arising from wordplay or riddles. For example，fish in China are considered to be a symbol of luck in several ways. Since the Chinese pronunciation of fish is the same as【小题2】 of another word meaning surplus，fish are often used as【小题3】sign of wealth or abundance. During the Spring Festival，a fish【小题4】（prepare）to represent the desire to always have something 【小题5】（leave）over for the coming year. One can also often see carp（鲤鱼）in Asian artwork.

This fish is able to grow very old，therefore 【小题6】（serve）as a symbol of longevity. It also represents unity since they often swim together in pairs. This explains 【小题7】 fish decorations are often given 【小题8】 a wedding gift to represent a perfect union. 【小题9】（final），fish are also a symbol of fertility（生育能力）because of their 【小题10】（able）to reproduce rapidly and in large volumes.

   When I first arrived in Australia at the age of 16 to go to high school for one year and live with a host family，I was completely over the moon about everything. I had been planning for many months. And，even though we exchange students participated in a one-day preparatory meeting，culture shock couldn't be avoided.

Those first weeks are so-called "honeymoon phase I" where you are happy to be in that culture.

However，this feeling didn't last forever. After about two months，differences became more evident. I started missing my friends and family more and more. Frustrating thoughts increasingly occupied my head—Nobody really understands me，and my English is not good enough. I wish people would just be able to speak German for one day！I wish public transportation would work the same way as at home！And so on. I knew it was "honeymoon phase Ⅱ".

Over the next few months，though，I slowly and unknowingly entered the "adjustment（适应）phase". I developed my own little routine，learned to adapt to stress through various techniques，and made many new friends. My English improved dramatically！

I understood Australian culture better and better. That was a major breakthrough for me personally. Every day I felt more and more comfortable with my new home. I adopted many new traits（特征）while also keeping earlier ones from my home country. I would often refer to myself as "having a second nationality". This process which happened over my last few months abroad is called the "mastery phase". My happiest moment was when my dear friend one day said during a conversation，"You are Australian now，Jude！You sound just like us！"

I want to point out that the effects of culture shock are different for everyone and can result in different behavior and feelings. The timing of the different phases also varies a lot from person to person. One thing is for sure though —Culture shock is unavoidable and acceptance is the first step towards adjusting better to a foreign culture.

【小题1】According to the passage, which phase is the most difficult to go through?

A．Honeymoon phase I.

B．Honeymoon phase Ⅱ.

C．Adjustment phase.

D．Mastery phase.

【小题2】From the passage, we can know about the following facts except that ________.

A．in "honeymoon phase I", the author felt excited about everything

B．the culture is different between Australia and Germany

C．the author didn't realize he entered the "adjustment phase"

D．the happiest moment appeared in the "adjustment phase"

【小题3】What happened in the "mastery phase"？

A．The author got rid of his earlier habits.

B．The author quitted his nationality.

C．The author adjusted to the culture better.

D．The author made many new friends.

【小题4】What's the most important thing to deal with culture shock？

A．Ignoring it.	B．Avoiding it.
C．Accepting it.	D．Changing it.

   A good joke can be the hardest thing to understand when people are studying a foreign language. As a recent article in The Guardian noted，“There's more to understanding a joke in a foreign language than understanding vocabulary and grammar.”

Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as an unbelievable icebreaker for a language learner eager to form friendships with native speakers.“I always felt that humor was a ceiling that I could never break through，”Hannah Ashley，a public relations account manager in London，who once studied Spanish in Madrid，told The Guardian.“I could never speak to people on the same level as I would speak to a native English speaker. I almost came across as quite a boring person because all I could talk about was facts.”

In fact，most of the time，jokes are only funny for people who share a cultural background or understand humor in the same way. Chinese-American comedian Joe Wong found this out first-hand. He had achieved huge success in the US，but when he returned to China in 2008 for his first live show in Beijing，he discovered that people didn't think his Chinese jokes were as funny as his English ones.

In Australia，meanwhile many foreigners find understanding jokes about sports to be the biggest headache. “The hardest jokes are related to rugby because I know nothing about rugby，”said Melody Cao，who was once a student in Australia.“When I heard jokes I didn't get，I just laughed along.”

In the other two major English-speaking countries，the sense of humor is also different. British comedian Simon Pegg believes that while British people use irony（反话）一basically，saying something they don't mean to make a joke—every day，people in the US don't see the point of using it so often.“British jokes tend to be more subtle and dark，while American jokes are more obvious with their meanings，a bit like Americans themselves，”he wrote in The Guardian.

【小题1】It is implied in the noted sentence in Paragraph 1 that __________.

A．making jokes is a possible way for one to learn a foreign language better

B．humor is always conveyed to foreigners through vocabulary and grammar

C．vocabulary and grammar help you understand jokes in a foreign language

D．there tends to be something behind the words of a joke in a foreign language

【小题2】What can we learn about Hannah Ashley?

A．She thought that Spanish people generally did not have much of a sense of humor.

B．She believed that one had better rely on facts when speaking a foreign language.

C．She found that humor was a barrier to her to get along well with Spanish people.

D．She had a better command of Spanish language than English language.

【小题3】Joe Wong is used as an example to ___________.

A．suggest that there are cultural differences in humor

B．show that it's hard to put jokes into another language

C．prove that local people have different taste in humor

D．show that expressing ability affects the sense of humor

【小题4】From the text we can learn that ___________.

A．jokes about sports are difficult for all foreigners to understand

B．Americans are generally more humorous than British people

C．not all English speakers can understand English jokes easily

D．British people's dark jokes often make people uncomfortable

   Apart from decoration purposes, the paint symbols  were mainly used during wars to express secret messages to the other members of the tribe. Native Indians believed that the designs that they painted had certain magical power that would protect them. The symbols were a reflection of the happenings and events during a war.Given below are the different symbols with  their meanings.

Eye of a Medicine Man Symbol It was a very powerful symbol thatrepresented the medicine man or shaman.The outer（外部的）lines indicated the four directions. The inner lines showed the spirit world and the dot in the center meant the eye of the medicine man and his spiritual vision.

Lightning Symbol It was a common symbol that wasseen painted on the face or across the forehead of almost all the soldiers. It was believed that itbrought power and speed to the wearer. A lightning symbol also symbolized the thunderbird , which brought lightni ng.

Four Ages of Man Symbol It indicated four stages of a man's life. They were childhood, youth and adolescence , maturity  in middle age, and wisdom in old age.

Indian Camp Symbol It indicated an Indian village that consisted of tent-like houses made of wood and animal skins. It was easy to build and dismantle（拆卸）quickly.

Homecoming Symbol It indicated the return of soldiers and ceremonies were held to welcome the brave soldiers.

 

So, these were a few war paint symbols along with their meanings. These were some of the widespread symbols. Each and every tribe had different symbols and colors , which indicated different things. They were not only used during wars, but also for hunting and decorations.

【小题1】The native Indians may disagree that the paint symbols can be used to __________ .

A．share secret messages among tribe members

B．protect tribe members with magical power

C．reflect the events happening during wars

D．prevent tribe members from being attacked by insects

【小题2】A soldier may use a lightning symbol to __________ .

A．gain strength and speed

B．show his courage and bravery

C．celebrate his narrow escape

D．show off his victory over enemies

【小题3】Which symbol represents different periods of human beings?

A．Homecoming Symbol.

B．Lightning Symbol.

C．Four Ages of Man Symbol.

D．Indian Camp Symbol.

【小题4】What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Native Indian war paint symbols and their meanings.

B．Meanings and symbolism of different war paint colors.

C．Widespread symbols are of great use during wars.

D．Different colors and symbols indicate different

   “The grass looks greener on the other side of the fence.” That’s an old saying in English. It means that other places often look better, more interesting than the place where you live. “Let’s go to KFC for dinner and then watch some Japanese cartoons!” We all know it: more and more Chinese kids love American and Japanese food and movies. Some people worry that young Chinese are beginning to feel that way. They see young Chinese ignoring（忽视）Chinese culture and, instead, buying Japanese cartoon books, watching Korean soap operas and even celebrating western holidays.

Foreign books and soap operas are good, but Chinese writers and actors are just as good. As for holidays, Christmas is nice, but it can never have the meaning for Chinese that the Spring Festival has, and the West has nothing to compare with the Mid-Autumn Festival. China has lots of cool things in its culture: calligraphy, Beijing Opera, quick meals on the streets. And let’s not forget the part of Chinese culture I like best: its friendliness. Not all countries are as warm as China.

It’s good to enjoy other cultures and learn from them, but they can never replace your own culture. It’s good to look on the other side of the fence, but make sure you take a good long look. You will find that the grass isn’t always greener.

Although some people become worried about that, I don’t think they should. Will we get more powerful without learning from other countries? Will Chinese people live more happily without American fast food? Besides, it’s fun to learn about different cultures. Chinese kids can learn about other cultures and have fun, but they also need to learn more about their own culture. Be proud of Chinese culture and of being Chinese!

【小题1】What do some people think of young Chinese?

A．They are foolish in learning our own culture.

B．They are ignoring our own culture.

C．They are interested in our own culture.

D．They are hating our own culture.

【小题2】In some young Chinese’s eyes, which of the following is not the “greener grass”?

A．Japanese cartoon books.	B．Korean soap operas.
C．Christmas.	D．The Mid-Autumn Festival.

【小题3】In the author’s opinion, what is the best feature of Chinese culture？

A．Friendliness.	B．Working hard.
C．Bravery.	D．Honesty.

【小题4】What is the best title for the passage?

A．Chinese culture and western culture

B．Simple young Chinese

C．That grass is not always greener

D．Interesting western culture