In the United States, heart disease continues to be the number one cause of death of both men and women. However,the numbers are not the same between the two genders（性别）: clearly more men than women are diagnosed with heart disease every year.
In a new study, researchers involved 17 male and female volunteers, a near-equal mix of both genders, and looked for the effects stress had on the blood flow of their hearts. The tests were taken in all the subjects at rest and also while they did three minutes of mental math where they were given a series of arithmetic problems. In order to increase the stress levels during performing this task, the researchers urged（敦促） the participants to solve the problems faster or told them that they gave the wrong answer even when the answer was correct. At the end of the task, all 17 volunteers went through the same three heart function tests again.
It turned out that at rest there were very few differences between the results of the three tests in both men and women. During the mental math experiment, all the participants showed an increase in heart rates and blood pressure, regardless of gender. However, researchers found that while men showed an increase in the blood flow of their hearts under stress, there was no change in women. Dr. Chester Ray, professor of medicine who led the research, said in the statement that the findings come as a surprise since previous（先前的） studies have shown that men have more greatly reduced the heart blood flow than women during the physical stress from exercising. He added that reduction of stress is important to any person, regardless of gender,but this new study shows how mental stress differently affects the hearts of women, putting them at higher risk of heart disease.
According to researchers, these new findings of their work show the influence of mental or emotional stress on a person's physical health, and could explain why the heart disease like losing a partner happens almost only in women. More studies on the matter are needed in order to find out the reason behind this gender difference in the body's response to stress more thoroughly. More research could lead to more effective treatments and better prevention efforts for women who are more likely to suffer heart disease.
【小题1】What did the researchers want to do by forcing the subjects to work faster?

A．To get them to feel more stressed physically.

B．To make them feel more worried emotionally.

C．To let them give the wrong answer on purpose.

D．To have them perform worse in the tests at last.

【小题2】From the passage we can know the previous studies ______.

A．have explained how physical activity increases men's heart blood flow

B．have shown the relationship between a person's mental stress and physical stress

C．have shown physical activity makes men's heart blood flow reduced more than women

D．have explained the importance of keeping mental and physical health regardless of gender

【小题3】What can be concluded from the passage?

A．Mental stress hurts men's hearts more than women's.

B．Mental stress has a gender difference at different time.

C．Women feel more heartbroken when losing a partner.

D．Women will benefit a lot from more related studies.

【小题4】Where can you most probably read this passage?

A．In a guidebook.

B．In a fiction book.

C．In a health magazine.

D．In a fashion magazine.

语法填空

The Spanish flu 【小题1】（start）on a small military（军事的）base in central Kansas in 1918，【小题2】 one soldier came down with a fever. Within a few hours，about 100 soldiers were reported 【小题3】（have）the same illness.

By 1919，the flu had spread around the world，【小题4】（kill）up to 50 million people. The flu caused over 600，000 【小题5】（die）in the US，which included 195，000 just in the single month of October 1918.

The flu was 【小题6】（particular）serious because most of the victims were young，healthy people. In fact，more adults 【小题7】 the ages of 20 and 50 got sick and died from the flu than any other group.

What made people especially 【小题8】（terrify）was that the flu made people sick quickly. It was reported that many people who woke up with no flu symptoms got sick in the morning and were dead by nighttime. According to one story，four women played bridge late into the night，three of whom 【小题9】（find）dead the next morning.

It was not until three "waves" of illness later 【小题10】 the flu eventually ended.

   Skin cancer deaths among men have jumped sharply in wealthy nations since 1985, with death rates among women rising more slowly or even declining, researchers have told a medical conference in Glasgow.

Reasons for the difference between sexes are unclear but evidence suggests men are less likely to protect themselves from the sun or pay attention to public health warnings, Dorothy Yang, a doctor said.

More than 90% of melanoma (黑素瘤) cancers are caused by skin cell damage from exposure to the sun or other sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, according to the US Centers for Disease Control.

In eight of 18 developed countries examined, men’s skin cancer death rates had increased in the past 30 years by at least 50%.

But the nations with the biggest rise in skin cancer deaths were often not those with the highest death rates, the research showed. In Australia, for example, nearly six out of every 100,000 men died of the disease in 2013 -2015. That is twice the second highest death rate (Finland), but only a 10% increase compared to 30 years earlier.

Australia has been an early performer of public health media campaigns since the 1970s to promote sun-smart’ behaviour. While debate continues on how much of Australia’s record skin cancer rate originates from the sun, 30 years of public health campaigns have no doubt made Australians acutely aware of the dangers.

Skin cancer deaths among women in 1985 in Australia occurred at half the rate as for men, and declined by 10% over the next 30 years. In other countries, female death from the disease went down over the same period. In some other sun-loving nations, however, women saw at least as sharp a jump from 1985 to 2015 in death rates as men.

Scientists are studying whether biological or genetic factors might also play a role in skin cancer, but findings so far are inconclusive.

【小题1】What can be concluded from the passage?

A．Death rates among women are declining all the time.

B．Australia is the first country to conduct public health media campaigns.

C．Death rate of skin cancer in Australia was once the highest.

D．Female death rate of skin  cancer in some sun-loving  countries went down.

【小题2】What probably keeps people away from skin cancer according to the text?

A．Declining exposure to UV.

B．Biological or genetic factors.

C．People’s love for sun.

D．People paying little attention to public health warnings.

【小题3】What does the underlined word “inconclusive” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A．Unclear.

B．Evident.

C．Definite.

D．Satisfying.

【小题4】What’s people’s attitude to public health campaigns in Australia?

A．Doubtful.

B．Positive.

C．Critical.

D．Controversial.

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A new study has found that graduate students are six times more likely to show depression symptoms 【小题1】 the general population. Researchers led by Evans, a scientist, surveyed 2,279 students in 26 different 【小题2】 (country). Approximately 40% of the surveyed graduates scored middle 【小题3】 severe for anxiety. Nearly 40 percent of the surveyed graduates also showed signs of middle to severe depression. It’s not hard 【小题4】 (understand) why life as a master student can drive some people crazy. Long hours in researching, social loneliness and feelings of not being respected 【小题5】 (complete) can break even the most motivated persons among us. When this situation persists, the anxiety and depression can become part of their life. The relationship 【小题6】 their teachers is another aspect 【小题7】 can deeply influence a graduate student’s mental health. Among the graduates with anxiety or depression, only half agreed that their professional teachers 【小题8】 (provide) real help. These unbelievable high rates of anxiety and depression, when 【小题9】 (compare) to the general population, are alarming and should serve as 【小题10】 wakeup call for the academic world, expert Evans says.