艺术是人类的精神食粮。
（1）文艺复兴时期，达芬奇创作的《____ 》对人物的心理刻画，可谓入木三分。
（2）19世纪，俄国批判现实主义文学巨匠____ 被誉为“心理描写大师”。
（3）荷兰画家梵高用线条来勾画人类内心情感的冲动，其代表作品是《____ 》。

根据短文内容, 选择正确答案。

      Bats are the only “flying animals” in the world. They can't see very well. We often hear “as blind as a bat”. Yet they have no trouble flying on the darkest nights and finding their ways round. How can bats fly and see at night? They fly by radar(雷达).

      The bat's radar system(系统) works the same way as the radar in ships and planes. As a bat flies through the air, it makes a sound. If the sound hits things, it will come back and the bat’s ears will receive the message. In this way the bat is able to know where the things are. Bats go out for food at night. In the daytime they hang in some dark places. Some people think bats are bad animals. In fact they are useful animals.

读下列材料：
材料一 “让统治阶级在共产主义革命面前发抖吧。无产者在这个革命中失去的只是锁链。他们获得的将是整个世界。”
材料二 “起来，饥寒交迫的奴隶，起来，全世界受苦的人！满腔的热血已经沸腾，要为真理而斗争……”   —节选自《国际歌》
回答：
⑴上述材料表达了怎样的情感？
⑵材料一出自何文件？作者是谁？该文件的发表有何意义？
⑶《国际歌》的词、曲作者是分别谁？作者写这首歌的目的是什么？