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    Andy never wanted to go to bed on time. His parents had explained to him how important it was to go to bed early and get a good rest. But Andy paid no attention to them, and they didn't know what to do until one weekend when they were visiting Andy's grandparents.

    Grandpa Peter heard all about it and said, "This sounds like a job for Tubby." So Andy's parents loaded the cat onto the car and returned home.

That night, at bedtime, the same problem happened. Andy didn't want to go to bed, and even though his parents waited a while to see if Tubby would solve the problem, nothing happened.

    Hours later, Andy finally decided to go to bed. But what a surprise when he entered his bedroom! Tubby was in his bed, totally sprawling out, pot-belly in the air, and snoring like an express train.

    Andy tried to move the cat, but there was no way of moving him an inch. That night he hardly slept, lying on one tiny corner of his bed.

    The next day the same thing happened, even though Andy was much more tired from not having slept well. When the third day arrived, he had understood that if he wanted to sleep in his bed, he would have to get into it before Tubby did. That night, when his parents only started to mention the topic of bedtime, Andy rushed upstairs and dived into bed. His parents could not believe it. They knew nothing about Tubby in the bed, nor did they understand why Andy went to bed on time without complaint. They were so happy about this that they stayed up quite late, celebrating.

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阅读材料,回答问题

材料一:明代中叶以后,市民阶层人员变得庞大复杂起来,它包括了商人、店员、贩夫、手工业者、游民、士卒、下级官吏、下层文人等各色人物。随着城市人口剧增,千户以上的市镇比比皆是。总之,明中叶以后的市民阶层无论在人数上、区域分布上都远远胜于宋代;而市民人数的增多是市民力量壮大、登上社会舞台的前提。加上随着商品经济的不断发展和城市的日益繁荣,工商业者已日益成为一支不可缺少的社会力量,影响着社会的经济、政治和文化生活。于是市民阶层开始由社会的边缘走向社会的中心。

——摘编自王言锋《中国十六----十八世纪社会心理变迁与白话短篇小说之兴衰》

材料二:近代中国在1905年以前,社会领导阶层为得有功名的士绅阶层。但到1905年以后,由于科举废除,旧士绅的地位渐为士绅取代。在1860---1916年,社会领导阶层不仅来自新旧士绅,也来自新知识分子。新知识分子的人数,大约为士绅的十倍。在1905年以前,社会领导阶层来自新知识分子者极少,但其地位不断上升。到1912年民国建立以后,新知识分子逐渐取代了士绅而为社会的领导阶层。社会领导阶层除士绅、新知识分子外,还有富商。当时中国有四种商人,一种是普通商人,一种是盐商,一种是行商,一种是买办商人。近代以来受西方工商文化的影响,提倡商战,鼓励商人与外商从事竞争。商人的社会地位提高,政治地位也提高了。

——摘编自张玉法《近代中国社会变迁(1860-1916)》