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    Long, long ago there were a lot of donkeys. The donkeys worked hard every day. They had no time to play or to relax, but they never felt appreciated(赏识)for the work they did.

    One day two donkeys got bored. They wanted to live a comfortable life, so the donkeys went to see a wise old man. They told him their problem. The wise old man agreed that they worked too hard, and he wanted to help the donkeys. “I have an idea,” he said.

    “What is your idea?” asked the donkeys.

    “I will paint you and no one will know you are donkeys,” said the man.

    The man went off to find some paint and he returned in just a few minutes. He had two pots of paints. One pot was filled with white paint, and the other black paint.

    The old man first painted them white, and then painted black stripes over the white paint. When he finished, the donkeys did not look like donkeys at all. “You no longer look like donkeys,” the old man said. “Everyone will be fooled. I will call you something else, Zebras.”

    The zebras went to a field to eat grass. Now they did not have to work.

    Soon, other donkeys saw the zebras. They asked the zebras where they came from. When the zebras told the donkeys their secret, the donkeys all rushed to see the old man.

    “Please make us into zebras, too.” They pleaded. So the wise old man painted more donkeys. As he did, more and more donkeys came.

    The old man could not paint fast enough. Soon the donkeys became impatient. They began to kick about, and they knocked over the paint pots.

    There was no more paint. The painted donkeys ran off to become zebras. The unpainted donkeys, because of their impatience, had to return to work.

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【甲】

    ①宫中府中,俱为一体;陟罚臧否,不宜异同;若有作奸犯科及为忠善者,宜付有司论其刑赏,以昭陛下平明之理;不宜偏私,使内外异法也。

    ②侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等,此皆良实,志虑忠纯,是以先帝简拔以遗陛下。愚以为宫中之事,事无大小,悉以咨之,然后施行,必能裨补阙漏,有所广益。

    ③将军向宠,性行淑均,晓畅军事,试用于昔日,先帝称之曰能,是以众议举宠为督。愚以为营中之事,悉以咨之,必能使行阵和睦,优劣得所。亲贤臣,远小人,此先汉所以兴隆也;亲小人,远贤臣,此后汉所以倾颓也。先帝在时,每与臣论此事,未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。侍中、尚书、长史、参军,此悉贞良死节之臣,愿陛下亲之信之,则汉室之隆,可计日而待也。

(节选自诸葛亮《出师表》)

【乙】

    诸葛亮之为相国也,抚百姓,示仪轨,约官职,从权制,开诚心,布公道;尽忠益时者虽仇必赏,犯法怠慢者虽亲必罚,服罪输情者虽重必释,游辞巧饰者虽轻必戮;善无微而不赏,恶无纤而不贬;庶事精炼,物理其本,循名责实,虚伪不齿;终于邦域之内,咸畏而爱之刑政虽峻而无怨者以其用心平而劝戒明也。可谓识治之良才,管、萧之亚匹矣。

【注释】①仪轨:礼仪制度。②约:省减,简约。③权制:合乎适宜的制度。④服罪输情:认罪并表示悔改。⑤物:指人,百姓。⑥亚匹:同一流人物。亚:同类。