题干

   At home, ordering food from a menu is a normal routine, I don’t even give it a second thought. In China, it’s a whole other story! Here, ordering is a fun game of test and error, and the adventure begins before the food is even served!

Many restaurants in central Beijing advertise “English language menus”, but the translations can just add to the confusion. Although accompanying pictures can be a helpful relief, the translations often make the whole experience even more amusing. During my first few weeks in China I tried some delicious dishes with strange names. As an experiment, my friends and I would order things like “students addicted to chicken gristle(软骨)” and “red burned lion head”. Eventually we learned that “lion head” was actually pork, and “students” were “addicted” to diced(切成丁的)chicken with green pepper. Recently, I came across a busy restaurant down a narrow side street in a Beijing hutong. It was lunchtime and the small room was packed with people sitting on small stools eating noodles. I was hungry and cold, and the steaming bowls looked irresistible! I sat myself down and called out for a “caidan!” In response, the waitress pointed to a wall at the back of the restaurant. The wall was full of Chinese characters describing numerous dishes. There was only one sentence in English: “crossing over the bridge noodles”.

I had never heard of the dish and had no idea what it would taste like. I took a gamble and ordered one bowl of “crossing over the bridge noodles”. A few minutes later the waitress carried a heavy bowl full of broth(肉汤)and I quickly dug in. It was the best bowl of noodles I had ever tasted! I have been back again and again and each time I point at the one English sentence—“crossing over the bridge noodles”. I always enter a restaurant in China feeling excited and a little nervous. Who knows what the next ordering adventure will show?

【小题1】How does the writer find the English language menus in many of Beijing’s restaurants?
A. Confusing but amusing.
B. Easy to understand.
C. Boring and annoying.
D. Accurate and helpful.
【小题2】The underlined word “gamble” in the last paragraph probably means “______”.
A. taste B. look
C. step D. risk
【小题3】What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The writer’s favorite Chinese dishes.
B. The fun the author had ordering food in China’s restaurants.
C. A comparison between Western food and Chinese food.
D. The correct way to translate the names of Chinese dishes into English.
【小题4】The passage is developed mainly in the form of ______.
A. examples and statements
B. comparisons and conclusions
C. causes and effects
D. time and description
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同类题1

   While there are many different methods of fighting with stress, arming your body with mood-improving food is one of the most basic places to start. Try adding the following foods to your diet, and step away from bread and cake.

1. Eggs

Rich in protein, eggs also provide calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, phosphorus, and vitamins A, D, E, and K, making them one of the most nutritional foods around. Drew Ramsey, author of The Happiness Diet, praises nutrient-rich foods for battling stress and notes that eggs are part of his favorite anxiety-reducing breakfast.

2. Fish

Eating fish can have many benefits (好处), including fighting stress. Fish (like sardines, salmon, canned tuna) is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Studies show omega-3 fatty acids help with depression as well as encouraging more positive social behavior in children.

3. Red peppers, papayas and kiwis

They have more vitamin C than oranges. Many studies point to vitamin C for controlling stress hormones. As Psychology Today reports, “People who have high levels of vitamin C do not show the expected mental and physical signs of stress when faced with serious psychological challenges.”

4. Tea

Drinking black tea may help you recover from stressful events more quickly, notes WebMD. One study looked at people who drank four cups of tea daily for six weeks, compared with people who drank something else. At the end of the study, the tea drinkers reported feeling calmer and had lower levels of cortisol after stressful situations.

5. Dark chocolate

Chocolate can help improve the mood and keep clear thinking. Studies also show dark chocolate can help people feel good and reduce stress. Not to mention, it might make you smarter. Is it just a coincidence (巧合) that the higher a country’s chocolate consumption is, the more Nobel Prize winners it creates? More chocolate, please.

【小题1】To weaken stress, one is supposed to eat ________.
A.less breadB.more cake
C.less fishD.less kiwis
【小题2】What do red peppers, papayas and kiwis have in common?
A.They contain plenty of omega-3 fatty acids.
B.They can help people think more clearly.
C.They are richer in vitamin C than oranges.
D.They contain more vitamin A than oranges.
【小题3】What do you know about Cortisol?
A.Cortisol can lower a person’s blood pressure.
B.Cortisol can encourage a person’s positive social behavior.
C.Cortisol can make a person feel calm.
D.Cortisol can increase a person’s stress level.
【小题4】Which of the following is the best title?
A.Five Kinds of Foods Improving Your MoodB.Ways of Fighting Your Stress
C.Food Building up Your BodyD.Studies Helping You Keep Fit

同类题2

   AIDS may be one of the most undesirable diseases in the world. Luckily, there is now hope for AIDS patients. According to a recent paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Chinese scientists have successfully used CRISPR technology-a method of gene editing-to treat a patient with HIV. While it may not have cured the patient fully, it still represents a huge step forward in fighting the disease.

The patient was a 27-year-old Chinese man who was diagnosed with both AIDS and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, a type of blood cancer. Despite his bleak situation, doctors offered him a glimmer of hope: a bone marrow (骨髓) transplant to treat his cancer and an experimental treatment for his HIV.

They edited the DNA in bone marrow stem cells from a donor before transplanting the cells into the patient. Specifically, the treatment involved using the gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 to delete a gene known as CCRS, which encodes a protein that HIV uses to get inside human cells. Without the gene, HIV is unable to enter cells. Talking about the gene, lead scientist Deng Hongkui told CNN, “After being edited, the cells-and the blood cells they produce-have the ability to resist HIV infection.” Nineteen months after the treatment, the patient’s leukemia was in complete relief and donor cells without CCR5 remained, according to the research paper.

Though the transplant did not cure the man’s HIV, it still showed the effectiveness of gene-editing technology, as there was no indication of any unintended genetic alterations (改变) -a major concern with past gene therapy experiments.

Amesh Adalja, a senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in the United States, who was not involved in the study, praised the treatment. “They did a very innovative experiment, it was safe,” he told Live Science. “It should be viewed as a success.”

Deng believes gene-editing technology could “bring a new dawn” to blood-related diseases such as AIDS and sickle cell anemia. Thanks to this new technology, “the goal of a functional cure for AIDS is getting closer and closer,” he said.

【小题1】How did the new treatment fight against HIV?
A.By preventing HIV from entering cells.B.By changing the structure of HIV.
C.By removing a protein that HIV feeds on.D.By identifying and killing HIV.
【小题2】What was the result of the treatment?
A.CCR5 and other genes in the patient’s cells were changed.
B.Some of the patient’s blood cells could resist HIV infection.
C.HIV could no longer get into the patient’s cells.
D.The donor cells without CCR5 disappeared finally.
【小题3】What do we know about the experiment?
A.It has provided an innovative way to cure AIDS patients.
B.It pointed out the problems of gene therapy for AIDS.
C.It’s the first experiment to use gene-editing technology to treat AIDS.
D.It could offer a safe treatment for blood-related diseases.

同类题3

   A drug that is used to treat serious bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers' giving birth. A study of the drug found it reduced the risk of deaths caused by bleeding during childbirth by nearly one third. The study involved 20 ,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. The drug is called tranexamic acid(凝血酸). It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.

The drug is used to treat mothers for serious bleeding during childbirth. Postpartum hemorrhage(产后出血) is the leading cause of maternity(产妇的)death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.

Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says though medical conditions are improved in many countries , serious bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It's one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia, about 10 percent of women will end up with serious bleeding. ”The drug works after a mother gives birth.

Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth. “The earlier you give it- so within the first three hours of giving birth- the better the effect is. ”

The next step will be to find where the drug is needed a and provide training for doctors and  nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to use the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and  rural1 areas.

【小题1】What can we know about the drug according to the first paragraph?
A.It is not very expensive.
B.It can be used for babies.
C.It doesn't cause any side effects.
D.It is tried only in Africa and Asia.
【小题2】When is the best time to give the drug to a woman?
A.Three hours before giving birth.
B.After finding bleeding can't be controlled.
C.Three hours after giving birth.
D.One hour after giving birth.
【小题3】What will researchers probably do next?
A.Let more people know the drug.
B.Make doctors and nurses know how to use the drug.
C.Research how much drug is needed.
D.Get permission to use the drug.
【小题4】Which of the following places needs the drug most?
A.In big hospitals.B.In big cities.
C.In London.D.In Africa.

同类题4

   You wouldn't think of driving your car to work in the morning with an empty tank of gas, yet thousands of parents send their children off to school without any breakfast.

"After an overnight fast of eight to twelve hours, the brain needs fuel, "said Joan Carter, manager for the Children's Nutrition Research Center in Houston.

The body breaks down food to produce this fuel in the form of glucose(葡萄糖). Because glucose levels are associated with memory function, children can have difficulty focusing when they skip breakfast. Research shows that breakfast eaters tend to pay more attention to their teacher in class than those who rarely eat breakfast.

They tend to be more creative and better performers in school. They show more energy by late morning, have more strength and endurance, concentrate better, and are better at problem-solving. Children who are hungry can be slow or nervous during classroom activities or can appear disinterested when they have a difficult task to perform.

Researchers have also discovered that students who eat breakfast regularly tend to have better health overall.

They take in more vitamins and minerals, consume less fat and cholesterol(胆固醇), and may even have less chance of becoming overweight than breakfast-skippers. Without breakfast, it's difficult for children to get the nutrients they need throughout the day. Research shows that nutrients missed at breakfast aren't made up for at other meals.

"Breakfast is the most important meal of the day and there's no excuse for not eating breakfast," Dr. Carter said. A piece of bread and a glass of milk take little time to prepare. If you are trying to lose weight, skipping breakfast is also a big mistake. You will be tired and hungry by mid-morning. Then you'll want to eat a snack that isn't healthy.

Breakfast should provide at least 1/4 to 1/3 of a child's daily needs for vitamins, minerals and calories. A nutritious breakfast also provides the sugar, protein and fat they need because they are continuously growing and changing. Parents should set a good example for children. "You can't run out the door without eating breakfast, yet insist that your kids sit down and eat something," Dr. Carter said.

【小题1】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The brain cannot work properly at school without breakfast.
B.Breakfast-skippers are able to focus better because of hunger.
C.Hunger makes it difficult for the body to break down the food.
D.Breakfast eaters have a tendency to ignore their teachers in class.
【小题2】What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A.The importance of body shaping.
B.The relationship between breakfast and health.
C.The importance of getting enough nutrients for children.
D.The relationship between breakfast and school performance.
【小题3】Why is it wrong for the dieters to skip breakfast?
A.It leaves them short of energy to exercise all day.
B.It results in a lack of necessary nutrients they need.
C.It makes them have difficulty in performing well.
D.It contributes to more snack-consuming.
【小题4】How should parents teach children to have breakfast?
A.By eating breakfast regularly.
B.By preparing generous breakfast.
C.By running out without breakfast.
D.By giving them extra money for breakfast.

同类题5

   Everybody sleeps,but what people stay up late to catch or wake up early in order not to miss varies by culture.

From data collected,it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep,on average,are sporting events,time changes,and holidays.

Around the world,people change sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight-saving time(夏令时间). Russians,for example,began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to“winter time”starting on October 26.

Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond(相一致)to public holidays. On New Year's Eve,Russians have the world's latest bedtime,hitting the hay at around 3:30 a. m.

Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day,the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.

Similarly,Americans' late nights,late mornings,and longest sleep fall on three-day weekends.

Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey(冰球)final.

The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation. The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it,and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights,the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing,though,compared to Germans,Italians,and the French,who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the World Cup.

It should be made clear that not everyone has a tool to record their sleep patterns;in some of these nations,it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case,the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings(明显改变)in our sleep levels throughout the year,how much sleep are the rest of us losing?

【小题1】What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?
A. They don't fall asleep until very late.
B. They don't sleep much on weekends.
C. They sleep longer than people elsewhere.
D. They get less sleep on public holidays.
【小题2】The underlined word“deprivation”in the last paragraph but one means ___________.
A. depression B. loss
C. observation     D. trouble
【小题3】What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a tool to record their sleep patterns?
A. They have trouble falling asleep.
B. They are involved in sleep research.
C. They want to get more sleep.
D. They want to go to bed on regular hours.
【小题4】What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Sleeplessness does harm to people's health.
B. It is important to study our sleep patterns.
C. Few people really know the importance of sleep.
D. Average people probably sleep more than the rich.