Skywriting is a form of advertising in which a pilot is bound to spell out a brief slogan or catchphrase in letters formed by smoke. In general, a customer would choose a specific place and time for the skywriting to appear. The message would only last as long as winds are relatively calm and the sky is clear. Single plane skywriting has largely been replaced by multi-plane "skytyping" , a computer-controlled method involving puffs of smoke from a row of aircraft.

The first official skywriting show took place over New York City in November of 1922. A skywriting pioneer and Royal Air Force（RAF）pilot named John Savage sat with the president of the American Tobacco Company, George Hill, as a fellow RAF ace pilot named Captain Cyril Turner flew into position over New York City. Captain Turner spelled out "HELLO USA CALL VANDERBILT 7200" in white smoke. Over47,000 people called the number, which happened to be the Vanderbilt Hotel where George Hill was staying. Hill became convinced that the skywriting advertisements would work well to promote his Lucky Strike cigarettes.

Skywriting continued to grow in popularity as both an advertising medium and a personal message service. Customers could request anything from "Eat at Joe's" to "Will You Marry Me？"Messages and slogans would naturally have to remain short, but even a simple phone number could produce a lot of curious potential（潜在的）customers for a small investment.

The development of the national highway system after WW Ⅱ spelled the beginning of the end for the skywriting industry. Instead of posting a few words in the sky, advertisers could now fill entire billboards with all sorts of pictures. Thousands of captive audience would pass by these new advertising signs every day, unlike the precious few who would come across a typical skywriting message. Many aerial（空中的）advertising companies turned to permanent banners（横幅）pulled behind low-flying aircraft instead.

Some skywriting is still performed today, although only a select number of pilots have the skills necessary for the job.

【小题1】What do we know about skywriting？

A．It is made up of smoke and clouds.

B．It is performed by computers at present.

C．It appears where the pilot wants.

D．It is a kind of ad made in the sky.

【小题2】The third paragraph suggests that skywriting ________.

A．satisfied all of the needs of customers

B．was an effective advertising style

C．appealed to few customers

D．ended up with a message service

【小题3】Why did advertisers give up skywriting？

A．Because skywriting was too expensive to advertise.

B．Because planes were greatly reduced after WWⅡ.

C．Because billboards could attract more audience.

D．Because it wasn't easy to do such a thing.

【小题4】What might be the most suitable title for the passage？

A．Why people need skywriting

B．How to do skywriting

C．When it is good to do skywriting

D．What skywriting is

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Exposure to sunlight produces vitamin D in our skin. This is 【小题1】 we call vitamin D the “ sunshine vitamin”. Vitamin D is good 【小题2】 everybody. In fact, research shows this “sunshine vitamin” could help women with breast cancer live longer.

Breast cancer 【小题3】 (patient) who have high blood levels of vitamin D have a 【小题4】 (good) prognosis (预后) than women who don’t. Researchers found that these women had less aggressive cancers. They were also 30 percent less likely 【小题5】 (die) from the cancer or to get it again.

Besides fighting breast cancer, vitamin D helps the body in other ways. It controls how the body absorbs calcium. It also makes sure the body’s immune system works 【小题6】 (normal) .

Getting enough vitamin D 【小题7】 (be) important for the normal growth of bones. If you don’t get enough, you are at risk of developing osteoporosis, a disease 【小题8】 makes your bones fragile, brittle, or easy to break.

Vitamin D may help reduce your risk of developing heart disease, according to a 2008 study 【小题9】 (publish) in the journal Circulation. And, it may also help protect you against getting the flu.

Other studies have shown that vitamin D might help people 【小题10】 (suffer) from depression.

Satellites(卫星) are an important part of our ordinary lives．For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite．Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving．Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls．
Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites．Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location．
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another．They are usually 35，880 kilometers above the equator（赤道）．Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place．This is because it is moving around the world at 11，000 kilometers an hour—exactly the same speed that the earth rotates．A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae(天线)facing the earth．Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit（轨道），So there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position．This usually happens about every five or six days．
Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth．A satellite usually works for about 10-12 years．Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired．Often，very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time．This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash（撞）into each other．
【小题1】Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?

A．Sending information for weather forecast．

B．Taking photographs of the Earth．

C．Sending TV pictures．

D．Providing food for airplane pilots．

【小题2】What’s the speed the earth rotates at?

A．35,880 kilometers per hour．

B．335,880 kilometers per hour．

C．11,000 kilometers per hour．

D．110,000 kilometers per hour

【小题3】Why does the satellite move around the world at the same speed as the Earth rotates?

A．In order to take photographs．

B．In order to stay in a certain position in the orbit．

C．In order to move away from its orbit．

D．In order to send television pictures．

【小题4】What does the underlined word “This” in the 3rd paragraph refer to?

A．A satellite．

B．A little rocket．

C．A satellite seems to stay in the same place in the sky．

D．The satellite puts the rockets in the right position．

   We live in a world where we want everything instantly. In this instant world it is hard to succeed in anything. To achieve your goal you first have to change your life from instantly to persistently(坚持地).
Persistence is the course you need to set. When you change your expectancy from instantly to persistently you will gain an advantage of time that many do not have. Time works against those who live instantly. Opportunities are never seen because when something doesn't happen instantly people move on to the next thing on their list and consider the current goal a failure.
Persistent people have the advantage of time. It allows them to step back, observe and assess the progress of the goal they are pursuing(追求). Some things take longer to develop; some just need to be left there for a while to find their own way.
When you live instantly you gain and lose instantly. Many times you do not know how you got there or how to get back because it is not repeatable.
When you live persistently you learn how things work, how to correct a plan and how to guide it to make it successful. You do not panic because you know you have more than enough time.
Slow down and take time to enjoy the journey. If what you are doing is not fun then stop doing it and do something else.
Everything you do should be in pursuit of a better tomorrow than you had yesterday. You should take time to develop your abilities to reach your goals. Do not get discouraged just because your success is not instant.
Celebrate each step along the way. People who live instantly don't take time to appreciate what they have accomplished. They are just looking for the next thing that they can get instantly.
You must be grateful for the time it takes to reach your goal. Persistence will get you there if you really want to get there.
【小题1】People who want things instantly will fail in many things because _______.

A．they want greater efficiency

B．they don't stick to their goal

C．they often change their lifestyle

D．they tend to pursue a higher target

【小题2】The main advantage persistent people have over instant people is ______.

A．the willpower	B．a target
C．a plan	D．an opportunity

【小题3】According to the text, persistent people ______.

A．focus more on the result

B．work slower than instant people

C．will get rewarded for their efforts

D．look for the next thing to do immediately when finishing one target

【小题4】The writer's main purpose of writing the text is _______.

A．to blame those who live instantly

B．to persuade people to live happily

C．to praise those who have succeeded.

D．to suggest learning the art of persistence

   Before I studied psychology，I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that，I discovered there are lots of other psychological reasons that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke，there will usually be more than one reason that makes him laugh-and the more reasons there are，the more powerful the joke will be.

I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt，and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets，everyone laughed their head off. The main reason why those people strongly laughed was that almost all of them felt angry with pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasn't only funny，it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is，people were laughing because of both the funny joke and the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.

The better a joke makes a person feel，the more it includes other psychological factors，and the more the person will like it. For example，if you envy one of your friends，and someone tells a joke that is funny and，at the same time，makes your friend seem stupid，then you will probably laugh at it louder than if you weren't jealous（嫉妒的）of him.

In short, we not only laugh when we hear something funny, but also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All I want to explain is that if your joke supports a person's emotions, he will certainly like it a lot.

【小题1】What did the author find out after studying psychology?

A．Only good jokes make people laugh.

B．Many reasons lead to people laughing.

C．Funny things can make people laugh.

D．Laughter can make people healthy.

【小题2】Why did the audience laugh at the pedestrians?

A．Because they played a trick on the pedestrians.

B．Because the pedestrians behaved in a funny way.

C．Because they could feel the pedestrians' happiness.

D．Because their emotions were approved of by the show.

【小题3】What does the underlined word "belittling" probably mean？

A．Speaking highly of.	B．Getting close to.
C．Looking down on.	D．Feeling content with.