One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”
During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.
The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.
Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.
Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the  after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and ho w do you resist the boss?
【小题1】According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?

A．Cruel.	B．Superior.
C．Honorable.	D．Bade

【小题2】According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.

A．help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays better

B．give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s plays

C．provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshops

D．guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.

【小题3】Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?

A．To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.

B．To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.

C．To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.

D．To warn executives against power misuse.

【小题4】It can be inferred from the passage that ____.

A．the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.

B．executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.

C．the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.

D．Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.

【小题5】The best title for the passage is _____.

A．Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture

B．Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business success

C．Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivation

D．Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results

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The political leaders from eight of the world’s 【小题1】 (wealthy) nations will meet in Scotland this summer. It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year, as they will discuss the topic of Africa 【小题2】 detail. There are many problems for African people 【小题3】 (solve) , such as 【小题4】 (poor) , sex education and health care administration. People from all over the world have demanded that the leaders 【小题5】 (cancel) the debt of Africa’s poorest countries to help 【小题6】 escape the painful pasts.

At 12:45 UK time today, London 【小题7】 (announce) by the IOC in Singapore to be the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games. London had held the games twice 【小题8】 (success ) . Applications to host the games had also been made by the other four cities. In the end, London got the right to host the Games. It now has the distinction of being 【小题9】 first city to host the event three times. The good news made the crowds in London so 【小题10】 (delight) that they celebrated it everywhere: in pubs, homes and offices all over London.

   Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointless, rough, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Now one of the most famous names in the dining business says he’s about to join their ranks. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the company’s 13 restaurants.

What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? To start with, leaving a waiter’s pay in the hands of customers causes a feeling of discrimination (歧视). In theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to inspire better, more attentive service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (随心所欲的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners leave has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn’t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.

Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips among front-of-the- house workers like waiters, hosts, and hostesses, but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it.

One of the most appealing parts of Meyer’s move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an anti-tipping view, he won’t simply add a standard extra charge to diners’ bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group intends to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it will almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.

【小题1】What do we know about the restaurants stopping tipping in Paragraph 1?
A．Their number is growing.
B．Their aim is to make more money.
C．They are damaging waiters and waitresses, profits.
D．They are widely supported by customers.【小题2】What’s waiters and waitresses’ attitude toward the present tipping custom?
A．They are encouraged to work hard to get tips.
B．They are against it for they get different tips.
C．They think it’s fair to their work labor.
D．Not all of them are satisfied with it.【小题3】What will customers feel after dinning in Danny Meyer’s restaurants?
A．Eating there is cheaper. B. The service there is better.
B．The price of the food is higher.    D. The restaurants are more crowded.【小题4】What would be the best title of the text?
A．The disadvantages of tipping B. Difficulties faced by restaurants
B．How to run restaurants successfully D. Some restaurants are removing tipping

C
Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile (纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.
In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas (别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.
The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations called in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.
In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces (杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.
【小题1】Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.

A．it has a large population

B．it is cut off from big cities

C．it has many beautiful gardens

D．it is in a hilly area with sandy soil

【小题2】What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?

A．Building a railway link to Amsterdam

B．Helping its textile industry to develop

C．Constructing large villas for the poor

D．Assisting its agricultural industry

【小题3】The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.

A．a radio factory

B．the medial capital

C．a radio station

D．a TV station

【小题4】What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?

A．It consists of approximately 75 buildings

B．It looks like an open air museum in the city

C．It is a classic example in architecture textbooks

D．It has shaped most of 20th century Hilvesum.

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。（如果所用的答题卡没有E、F、G选项，则选E涂A、B，选F涂A、C，选G涂A、D。）
【小题1】The answer is that the government needs money for many things, for example to pay its army, to build public facilities and to buy goods from abroad, and only the people of the country can supply the money.
【小题2】That is, a person pays according to the amount of his income. Whether he is a merchant, a doctor, a lawyer, a shopkeeper, a miner, or anything else, he must pay tax if his income is more than a certain amount. This is called a “direct” tax, because it is paid in money direct to the government.
Another tax is paid on goods such as watches, jewelry, tobacco, wine, etc. When they are brought into a country, such a tax is paid as part of the price of these goods if they are later sold in shops.【小题3】
People usually complain about having to pay taxes, but they forget that the money is spent on things that they and their families need. We need policemen to catch thieves, and they must be paid what they earn; children need education and there must be schools and teachers; we want our streets to be kept clean, and the wages of men who do this kind of work have to be paid.【小题4】And we cannot have an army without paying for it.
【小题5】We have no real cause to complain when we are asked to pay taxes for the good of ourselves and for our fellow citizens.

A．Why must we pay taxes? B．Why do people often complain? C．Taxes, therefore, cannot be avoided. D．Taxes, however, should be cancelled.   E．One of the most important taxes is income tax. F．We call it “indirect” tax, because it is paid indirectly through the shopkeeper. G．Above all, the country must always be ready to defend itself against attacking enemies.