题干

While residents of wealthy nations tend to have greater life satisfaction, new research shows that those living in poorer nations report having greater meaning in life.
These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations as a result of greater religiosity (笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less central to people’s lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.
“Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,” explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. “Given that meaning in life is an important aspect of overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential patterns, correlates (相关物), and predictors for meaning in life.”
Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign investigated life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a large-scale survey of over 140,000 participants from 132 countries. In addition to answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: “Do you feel your life has an important purpose or meaning?” and “Is religion an important part of your daily life?”
The data revealed some unexpected trends:
“Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life,” says Oishi. “But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely different pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction.”
When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries – all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a significantly lower sense of meaning in life.”
The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported less meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.
According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it helps people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:
“Religion gives a system that connects daily experiences with the coherent whole (连贯的整体) and a general structure to one’s life … and plays a critical role in constructing meaning out of extreme hardship,” the researchers write.
Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive measures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in following countries over time to track whether economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.
【小题1】Which of the following questions couldn’t the participants have answered?
A.Does your life have a purpose or meaning?
B.Do you have relatives living abroad?
C.Are you satisfied with your everyday life?
D.Is religion involved in your daily life?
【小题2】Which of the following statements is true?
A.Those who have higher life satisfaction usually have lower sense of meaning in life.
B.People in wealthier nations were more educated, have fewer children and express less individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries.
C.Religion may provide meaning to life in that people can get strong support from it in face of hardship.
D.Wealthy people are more likely to commit suicide than poor people.
【小题3】What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The poorer a country is, the more religious its people are.
B.Economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.
C.If you want to find meaning in life, you must practice a religion.
D.Meaning in life doesn’t have much to do with the amount of wealth one possesses.
【小题4】The main purpose of the passage is to explain the possible reason why __________.
A.greater life satisfaction leads to lower sense of meaning
B.residents of poorer nations enjoy greater meaning in life
C.residents of poorer nations are so religious
D.residents of wealthy nations have greater life satisfaction
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同类题2

   When it comes to exercise,most of us fit into one of the two groups — those who keep a regular exercise habit and those who think about being more active but can’t seem to have a plan to do it consistently. Whatever your attitude to exercise,there’s another form of physical activity that many of us car-loving people can do to get enough movement in general.

Studies have shown that putting away your car and walking, biking or taking public transport to work can have a significant positive influence on your health by improving spirits, reducing body weight and lowering the risk of heart disease.

It’s not surprising that taking a bus or a train regularly leads to a more physically active lifestyle. Just think about what comes with using public transport. Those who travel to work without a car walk to stations, climb stairs, often stand while waiting for their bus or train, and then finally travel on foot or by bicycle to their destination. Such active transport can make up for the inactive time spent in work and school environments.

There’s no doubt that the improving public transport system in the city is influencing the way people work and live. But though the public transport system is improving, it is not within easy reach of everyone who would like to use it.

Bike-sharing programs are also growing in popularity(普及)and helping to bridge a gap in the crowded city public transport system. These programs allow users to easily book, ride and return a borrowed bike. Bike-sharing programs help people who might still need to travel some distance between the end of the bus or the underground line and their final destination. They also offer an opportunity to residents and visitors to travel freely around the city without being trapped in a car.

【小题1】What exercise does the author suggest for car-lovers?
A.Form a habit of taking exercise regularly.
B.Make a plan for exercise and take time for it.
C.Take a bus or a train and thus do some walking.
D.Live near the sports center for enough exercise.
【小题2】How can we make up for the inactive time we spend at work?
A.By taking public transport to work.
B.By taking a drive to the countryside for fresh air.
C.By climbing stairs and standing during breaks.
D.By making a plan for exercise and stick to it.
【小题3】What remains a disadvantage of public transport despite its improvement?
A.It’s too expensive and always comes late.
B.It’s too crowded and uncomfortable for travel.
C.It’s usually out of reach for most people.
D.Sometimes it can’t meet people’s demands.
【小题4】What can be known about bike-sharing programs?
A.They can prevent people from being trapped in accidents.
B.They help to improve the city’s public transport system.
C.They are beginning to replace public transport.
D.They are beginning to appear in some large crowded cities.

同类题3

   It's said that you don't know a man until you walk a mile in his shoes. And you also don't know what it's like for old people to travel until you accompany(陪伴)one on a trip.

After flying with my elderly father from Washington, D.C.to L.A.in July, I began to realize that a companion has important tasks that can make a journey easier for old people. I booked nonstop tickets on JetBlue to avoid tiring, confusing connections, and we flew directly into Long Beach Airport. Even though my father could walk, I arranged with the airline for wheelchair assistance, which meant we got on board first.

When I took him back to the airport for his return flight to Washington, I got permission from JetBlue to wait with him at the gate instead of saying goodbye at the security checkpoint. I wished he'd had a first-class seat and access to a comfortable airline club. Better yet, I wished I had flown with him on both ways. As I watched the attendant wheel him to the lift that would take him from the tarmac(停机坪)to the plane, I felt like an anxious mom sending her child to school for the first time.

Things can go awry on a plane trip. And then there is a horrifying story about Joe and Margie. When they landed at Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, a wheelchair attendant met them to help with a connection. But somehow Margie, who had Alzheimer's disease, disappeared.

I didn't need to worry about my father's wandering away;at 82, his mind was sharper than mine. But his hearing was poor, so I worried about what would happen if he missed an important announcement.

Fortunately, everything went just fine. A good arrangement(安排)made the trip successful.

Next time I travel with a senior, I'll know better. I hope there will be a next time.

【小题1】Why did the author buy nonstop tickets?
A.His father was tired of flights.
B.He had important tasks to do.
C.He cared about his father.
D.His schedule was tight.
【小题2】How did the author feel when seeing his father off?
A.Disappointed.B.Worried.
C.Delighted.D.Sad.
【小题3】Which of the following can replace the underlined part "go awry" in Paragraph 4?
A.Be amused.
B.Carry on as usual.
C.Live up to one's expectation.
D.Be away from the correct course.
【小题4】What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A.Taking a trip does great good to seniors.
B.It is a pleasant experience to travel with seniors.
C.To have a long journey with seniors is unpractical.
D.Careful planning ensures seniors to take a nice trip.

同类题4

   So let’s say that you’re sitting at a restaurant and when your food arrives, you take one bite and decide that something is preventing you from taking a second bite. No matter what the reason is, this dish is going back to the kitchen, and now it’s up to you to find a way to send it back politely.

First of all, the single most important thing to do when you’re sending something back is to do it immediately. If you eat half the dish before sending it back, the server and kitchen will believe that you really don’t need to send it back.

If a dish is too salty that it cannot be eaten, you should first let the server know what the situation is, and they’ll take it back to the kitchen and bring you a new one. Remember that it is not the server’s fault, so don’t take it out on them. Also, don’t be afraid that they’ll get angry at you, or someone will spit (吐) in your food. It’s their job to make sure that you’re satisfied, and if the kitchen clearly makes a mistake the server will be frustrated with the kitchen, not with the diner who has been served an inedible meal. A new dish will be cooked, and nobody’s going to spit in it.

There is, however, one example when you are sending back a dish which will really annoy both the server and the kitchen. If you order a pasta dish that contains pancetta but then send it back to the kitchen because you’re a vegetarian (素食者) and don’t know what pancetta is, and then congratulations because you’re one of the most unbearable types of customers a restaurant can have. A perfectly good plate of food is just thrown out because you don’t ask what pancetta is before ordering.

So the bottom line: Use common sense if you think that you need to send your dish back. If the kitchen do something wrong, then they’re on the hook for a new plate of food. If you do something wrong, then hopefully you’ve learned a lesson.

【小题1】When the diners find something wrong with the dishes they ordered, they should __________ .
A.send them back immediatelyB.eat half the dishes before sending them back
C.go back to the kitchen themselvesD.wait until the cook apologizes to them
【小题2】The underlined word “inedible” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ __________”.
A.unbearableB.unpleasant
C.tastelessD.uneatable
【小题3】What will happen when you are sending back a dish owing to your own mistake?
A.You’ll be fined by the restaurant.
B.Your request will be refused immediately.
C.You’ll be forced to leave the restaurant.
D.Your food will be thrown out of the restaurant.
【小题4】The passage is intended to __________.
A.guide diners how to enjoy a good meal in a restaurant
B.introduce the best way to send back food in a restaurant
C.introduce the bottom line people should have in a restaurant
D.inform the diners of the most important things to do in a restaurant