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Paper cutting is a folk culture with so long a history. When Chinese Lunar New Year is coming, it is a custom 【小题1】 northern people to paste the paper cutting on the window. Gradually, it develops into an art form, one of the 【小题2】(popular) traditional decoration arts. It is recorded that there were decorations made by gold and silver foil, leather and silk products in 1600 B

A.We can say that paper cutting came from these art forms.

In the early time,people made images of humans and subjects by hemp paper(麻纸)
【小题3】(bury) together with the body in the tomb or to burn on the funerals(葬礼). With the special symbolization meaning, paper cutting 【小题4】(use) as decorations on sacrificing ceremonies. In 105AD, Cai Lun improved the paper making technique and 【小题5】 large amount of paper was produced, 【小题6】 laid a foundation for the spread of paper cutting. Beautiful patterns were created and gradually, the patterns were 【小题7】(wide) used in other fields later.
There were more records of paper cutting after 960 AD(Song dynasty). Professional paper cutting artists appeared, 【小题8】(specialize) in different patterns. Some were good at cutting flowers 【小题9】 others were expert at characters' cutting. Thus the patterns were abundant(丰富的) and colorful. One of the most important 【小题10】(contribution) of paper cutting in the Song dynasty was that patterns were used on the china.
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同类题3

   Apart from decoration purposes, the paint symbols  were mainly used during wars to express secret messages to the other members of the tribe. Native Indians believed that the designs that they painted had certain magical power that would protect them. The symbols were a reflection of the happenings and events during a war.Given below are the different symbols with  their meanings.

Eye of a Medicine Man Symbol


It was a very powerful symbol thatrepresented the medicine man or shaman.The outer(外部的)lines indicated the four directions.

The inner lines showed the spirit world and the dot in the center meant the eye of the medicine man and his spiritual vision.

Lightning Symbol


It was a common symbol that wasseen painted on the face or across the forehead of almost all the soldiers. It was believed that itbrought power and speed to the wearer. A lightning symbol also symbolized the thunderbird , which brought lightni ng.

Four Ages of Man Symbol


It indicated four stages of a man's life. They were childhood, youth and adolescence , maturity  in middle age, and wisdom in old age.

Indian Camp Symbol


It indicated an Indian village that consisted of tent-like houses made of wood and animal skins.

It was easy to build and dismantle(拆卸)quickly.

Homecoming Symbol


It indicated the return of soldiers and ceremonies were held to welcome the brave soldiers.

 

So, these were a few war paint symbols along with their meanings. These were some of the widespread symbols. Each and every tribe had different symbols and colors , which indicated different things. They were not only used during wars, but also for hunting and decorations.

【小题1】The native Indians may disagree that the paint symbols can be used to __________ .
A.share secret messages among tribe members
B.protect tribe members with magical power
C.reflect the events happening during wars
D.prevent tribe members from being attacked by insects
【小题2】A soldier may use a lightning symbol to __________ .
A.gain strength and speed
B.show his courage and bravery
C.celebrate his narrow escape
D.show off his victory over enemies
【小题3】Which symbol represents different periods of human beings?
A.Homecoming Symbol.
B.Lightning Symbol.
C.Four Ages of Man Symbol.
D.Indian Camp Symbol.
【小题4】What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Native Indian war paint symbols and their meanings.
B.Meanings and symbolism of different war paint colors.
C.Widespread symbols are of great use during wars.
D.Different colors and symbols indicate different

同类题4

   For most kids, a typical school day includes lessons in math, science, and English language arts. But for Callista Grant, 11, a typical day might also include instruction in American Indian drumming and dancing. She studies the Ojibwe and Lakota languages, too, and enjoys school powwows(帕瓦仪式).

Callista goes to the American Indian Magnet School(AIMS), in Saint Paul, Minnesota. It is open to kids from pre-K to grade 8.

Although other U. S. schools teach American Indian culture, the teachers at AlMS say their school is unique. They connect lessons to American Indian culture . When students learn about plant life cycles in science, they also learn about how native people used herbs for ceremonies and healing. A language arts class may include a reading about the meaning of the jingle dress. Callista says the focus on American Indian culture helps everyone know that "the culture is still alive".

Callista is Cherokee and Ojibwe. Of the 680 students at AlMS, about one-quarter are American Indians. It is a public school that is open to all kids in the community. All students gain from the school's focus. "It's important for everyone to know about the people who were here first and that they still live here today, "says teacher Tamara Goggleye. Lessons give all students a chance to explore their heritage.

Callista represents the school at powwows and other events. She is proud to teach others about their history. "We might lose our culture if we don't show it to our kids," Callista says. "Kids need to help pass down our culture, or it could go away. " AIMS and Callista are working to make sure that won't happen.

【小题1】Why is the American Indian Magnet School different from others?
A.Students in this school learn about plant life cycles.
B.Only this school teaches American Indian culture.
C.Students here can learn how foreign people use herbs.
D.This school link lessons to American Indian culture.
【小题2】How many students are American Indians in the American Indian Magnet School?
A.About 170.B.About 250.
C.About 340.D.About 680.
【小题3】What does the underlined word " heritage" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Tradition.B.Possession.
C.Language.D.Future.