2012届广东省韶关四中九年级第三次模拟考试化学试卷

适用年级:初三
试卷号:307095

试卷类型:中考模拟
试卷考试时间:2012/9/26

1.简答题(共3题)

1.
(5分)近年来,乳酸成为人们研究的热点之一,乳酸在医学、食品等工业中应用前景广阔,乳酸的化学式为C3H6Ox,已知其相对分子质量为90,求:
(1)乳酸中碳、氢两种元素的质量比为 (填最简整数比)。
(2)化学式C3H6OX,中X的值为
(3)乳酸中碳元素的质量分数
2.
为测定标有质量分数为32%的盐酸的实际质量分数,小明实验时先在烧杯中加入20g40%的氢氧化钠溶液,再逐滴加入该盐酸,测定出加入盐酸的质量与烧杯中溶液pH的关系如图。

(1)所用氢氧化钠溶液中溶质的质量为_____g。
(2)请认真看清上图信息后回答以下问题。
①当滴加盐酸到C点时,所消耗的盐酸中溶质的质量是多少?_____。
②该盐酸的实际质量分数是多少?(保留到0.1%)_____。
③导致盐酸溶液的溶质质量分数改变的原因是_____。
④当滴加盐酸到图像中D点时,烧杯中溶液的溶质是_____(填化学式)。
3.
根据下列装置图,回答有关问题

A     B    C D    E F
(1)写出装置中标号仪器的名称:①   ;③     
(2)写出实验室用过氧化氢溶液和二氧化锰制取氧气的化学方程式 。并据此选择上图中 (填字母)组装一套制取并收集干燥氧气的装置;收集氧气时,验满的方法是
(3)向气体发生装置内加入药品前,应该进行的操作是
(4)实验室若用高锰酸钾制取氧气,选择的发生装置是 ;用高锰酸钾制氧气的化学方程式为  
(5)乙炔又称电石气,是一种无色、无味、密度比空气略小,不溶于水的气体;工业上常用它燃烧产生的高温来切割和焊接金属;实验室用电石(固体)与水反应制取乙炔。你认为制取乙炔应选择的发生装置是 ;收集较纯的乙炔应选择的装置是

2.选择题(共8题)

4.

根据短文内容, 选择正确答案。

    If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends. Let them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help.

    Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.

    If you don't mind that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches. Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.

5.

根据短文内容, 选择正确答案。

    If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends. Let them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help.

    Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.

    If you don't mind that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches. Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.

6.

根据短文内容, 选择正确答案。

    If you go into the forest with friends, stay with them. If you don't, you may get lost. If you get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Don't try to find your friends. Let them find you. You can help them find you by staying in one place. There is another way to help your friends or other people to find you. You can shout or whistle three times. Stop. Then shout or whistle three times again. Any signal given three times is a call for help.

    Keep up shouting or whistling. Always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making a noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. They will give you two shouts or two whistles. When a signal given twice, it is an answer to a call for help.

    If you don't mind that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house with branches. Make yourself a bed with leaves and grass.

7.

根据短文理解, 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。

    It's Christmas at Clara's home. Many guests arrive to celebrate with the family. Clara's godfather, Herr Drosselmeyer, makes toys. He gives Clara a very special gift of a 1 . Her brother, Fritz, is 2 . He takes the nutcracker away and it gets broken! After all the guests leave and the children go to bed, Clara 3 up at night and goes downstairs to get her nutcracker under the tree. She 4 asleep there. She dreams that all her toys come to life and are fighting against the bad Mouse King. The Nutcracker flies to 5 young Clara, but is struck down. Clara saves her Nutcracker by 6 her shoe at the Mouse King.

    With the Mouse King out of the way, Clara runs to the Nutcracker. When she kisses him, he turns into a prince! Then she and her prince enjoy a 7 trip along which they see dancing snowflakes and are welcomed by sweets.

    On Christmas morning, Clara wakes under the 8 holding her nutcracker. This story of Nutcracker is very popular,9 with kids. It was made into a ballet. Russian 10Tchaikovsky composed his beautiful music and that is one of the reasons why people love to watch it. See it at the theatre and yo'll find the story is also told by beautiful dances, rather than just words.

8.

一 I have lost a chance to go to Beijing University.

一 What a______!

9.

— John, I'm very tired. Let's stop to have a ______.

— OK. Then let's sit under the tree and drink some water.

10.

根据短文内容, 选择正确答案。

    Do you want to be a volunteer(志愿者)?Maybe you need some ideas to get you started. Here are just a few. You can pick(挑选)what you really love to do.

    Help kids learn and grow. Be a big brother or big sister at an after-school care center. You can help little kids to learn or play with them.

    Give back during the holidays. Serve dinner to the homeless or volunteer at your local old people's home. Your local church and temple may also need your help.

Help at a local animal shelter(动物收容所). Most shelters depend on volunteers to keep the cats and dogs happy and well exercised. And when you’re walking dogs, you get some exercise, too.

    Protect the environment. Take part in a local park clean-up day. Plant a tree in the spring. Join a group to work together to protect your local river.

    Help sick people. Lots of us are close to people who have a medical problem. It can make you feel good to donate your time or money to the people with an illness. When you cheer them up, you also feel happy.

11.

根据短文内容, 选择正确答案。

    To write a great news story, you have to make sure it is correct, relevant(相关的)and flesh.

    For a start, all the information in a story must be correct. Not only the spelling and grammar, but also the facts.

    Any mistakes that appear in a story can get a newspaper into big trouble.

    For example, if a newspaper said that Yang Liwei was the first man to go into space, it would be wrong. He wasn't the first. The newspaper would probably lose lots of readers because of that mistake.

    A news story is not only correct, but also relevant to its readers. People are mostly interested in news that happens near to them. That is why you care more about what happens at your school than at American schools. It is also why newspapers in Beijing don't talk about much news in Shanghai or Hong Kong.

    Finally, news must always be fresh. When you pick up your evening newspaper, you want to read about news that happens that day. You don't want to read about news from last week!

    So, now you know what makes a good news story. Have a good look at our newspaper and see if it is full of good news. You can try writing a news story for our newspaper like a real reporter.

3.单选题(共1题)

12.
氢氧化镁在温度达到380℃时,能够分解生成耐高温的氧化镁固体和水蒸气,将它添加在塑料等易燃性建筑材料中能起阻燃作用。所以,氢氧化镁是一种新型的阻燃剂。根据灭火原理你认为氢氧化镁能作阻燃剂的原因是
A.氢氧化镁是一种碱B.受热分解的产物能使燃烧物与氧气隔绝
C.氢氧化镁不溶于水D.可以降低易燃性建筑材料的着火点

4.填空题(共7题)

13.
如图是元素A原子结构示意图:则该元素的原子核内质子数为____,它属于 (填“金属”或者“非金属”)元素,在化学反应中易__ __电子(填“得”或“失”)。它与铝元素形成化合物的化学式为
14.
水的硬度表示方法是:将水中的Ca2+、Mg2+质量折算成CaO的质量。通常把1L水中含有10mg CaO称为1度,1L水中含有20mg CaO即为2度,以此类推。8度以上为硬水,8度以下为软水。我国规定饮用水的硬度不能超过25度。
(1)日常生活中,可用   检验某水样是硬水还是软水。
(2)Ca(HCO3)2加热时会分解产生一种白色沉淀(水垢的主要成分)和两种常见的氧化物,请写出发生反应的化学方程式    。河水、井水中溶有一定量的Ca(HCO3)2,饮用前可采取 的方法来降低水的硬度。
(3)家用热水瓶一旦产生水垢,其保温性能会降低。用稀盐酸可除去上述水垢,发生反应的化学方程式为
(4)俗话说“水滴石穿”,说的是石灰石的主要成分在雨水和二氧化碳的共同作用下生成了可溶的Ca(HCO3)2,请你写出该反应的化学方程式:    
15.
(1)已知纯净的氢气在氧气中能安静地燃烧,产生_______色的火焰。而实验证明:纯净的氢气在氯气(Cl2)中也能安静地燃烧,产生苍白色的火焰,其产物__________(填化学式)溶于水中可得到盐酸。根据以上实验,你能得到的启示是: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________。
(2)餐厅里常使用固体酒精(酒精燃烧的化学方程式为___________________________)作为加热的热源。小刚观察到服务员用盖子熄灭固体酒精。服务员利用的灭火原理是__________________________。
16.
右图是甲、乙两种物质的溶解度曲线,据图回答题:

(1)10℃时,甲的溶解度为
(2)30℃时,甲的溶解度   乙的溶解度。(填“大于”、“小于”或“等于”)。
(3)要从乙的饱和溶液中析出乙固体,最好采用的方法是: 。(填“冷却结晶”或“蒸发结晶”)
17.
选择符合下列要求的物质,请将其化学式填入空格中。
①易与血红蛋白结合使人中毒的氧化物
②溶于水会产生大量热的一种极易溶于水的碱
③实验室常用来作干燥剂的酸
④一种由人体中最多的金属、地壳中含量最多的元素和空气中最多的气体的元素组成的盐   _   
18.
(4分)江西省“赣南脐橙”被国家质检总局授予“地理标志产品”。每100mL脐橙橙汁中一些成分的平均质量如下表:
成分

糖类
柠檬酸
蛋白质
脂肪
维生素
钙、铁等元素
质量
g/100mL
87.0
12.0
0.95
0.9
0.2
0.08024
1.8
(1)橙汁的pH 7(填“﹥”“=”“﹤”);
(2)橙汁中含人体所需的微量元素是
(3)除水和无机盐外,橙汁中含有的营养素有  
19.
已知A溶液中的溶质由两种元素组成,请根据以下图示来推断物质(假设能发生的反应均完全反应):

用化学式或者方程式回答:
(1)A是 ,B是 ;D是 ,E是     
(2)C与NaOH溶液反应的方程式为     
A与B反应的化学方程式为:   

5.实验题(共1题)

20.
已知碳酸易分解,草酸与碳酸有相似的化学性质,在受热的条件下草酸也会分解,仅生成了三种氧化物。化学学习小组对此展开探究:
[提出问题]生成的三种氧化物是什么?
[查阅资料]无水硫酸铜是一种白色粉末物质,遇水变成淡蓝色硫酸铜晶体。化学方程式为:CuSO4(白色粉末)+5H2O=CuSO4•5H2O(蓝色晶体)
[提出猜想]生成的氧化物中有H2O、CO2和CO。
[实验探究]小亮将生成的气体,依次通过如图所示装置,验证猜想。

(1) 观察到A中现象为__________________ ____ ________ ,证明生成物中有水。
(2) B中澄清石灰水变浑浊,证明生成物中有____   _____。
(3) D中红色粉末是_______(写化学式),D装置中反应的化学方程式为: _____________ ______________,实验现象是____________ ____________。
[交流讨论]
小红认为:小亮不需要E装置也能够推断出生成物中有一氧化碳。你是否支持小红的观点:(填“支持”或“不支持”) _______,请说出你的理由: _________ ________
_________________________________________。
小红还认为:从环保的角度来看,此装置有一个缺陷,请你指出该缺限_______________,处理的方法是____________________    ____________。
试卷分析
  • 【1】题量占比

    简答题:(3道)

    选择题:(8道)

    单选题:(1道)

    填空题:(7道)

    实验题:(1道)

  • 【2】:难度分析

    1星难题:0

    2星难题:0

    3星难题:0

    4星难题:4

    5星难题:0

    6星难题:5

    7星难题:0

    8星难题:2

    9星难题:0