①践行友善价值观，追求更高思想道德目标

②唱响社会主旋律，避免思想认识上的差异

③学习科学文化知识，增强辨别是非的能力

④弘扬中华传统美德，提高自身的道德境界

果蝇的翅有长翅和残翅两种，眼色有红眼和白眼两种，分别由A、a和B、b两对等位基因控制．甲图为某果蝇的染色体及基因组成，将该果蝇与“另一亲本”杂交，F₁的表现型及其数量关系如乙图，请分析回答：

（1）甲图所示的果蝇体细胞有丝分裂后期移向两极的染色体上的基因组成分别是____ ；减数第一次分裂后期移向两极的染色体上的基因组成分别是____ ；减数第二次分裂后期移向两极的染色体上的基因组成分别是____ ．

（2）分析甲、乙两图可知与该果蝇杂交的另一亲本的基因型为____ ，F₁长翅红眼雌蝇中纯合体占的比例为____ ．

（3）F₁长翅红眼雌雄果蝇自由交配，F₂中残翅白眼雌果蝇所占比例为____ ，残翅白眼雄果蝇所占比例为____ ．

已知一个四面体有五条棱长都等于2，则该四面体的体积最大值为(   )

    Renaissance is a French word. It means “rebirth”. It's a strange name for a period of history. What was exactly “ reborn” during the Renaissance?

    To answer this question, we need to look back at the time of the Roman Empire. At this time Roman artists, scientists and writers influenced by Greek ideas were the world's most advanced. They had become skilled observers of the natural world around them, and had become experts in studying animals, plants, the human body or the stars and planets. They wrote down their ideas about what they saw, and based their theories about the world on their observations.

    During the fourth and fifth centuries the Roman Empire slowly broke down. Many of the Romans' art and sculptures were destroyed and some manuscripts（原稿）were lost as well. But most importantly, some of the ancient attitudes were lost. A questioning approach to the world was replaced by an unquestioning one.

    Why did this happen? One reason was to do with the influence of the Christian Church. Through the thousand years following the fall of the Roman Empire, the Church controlled many aspects of life including education and learning. The Church ran all the universities and thought that the aim of a university should be to teach old ideas more clearly, not to introduce new ones. The scholars in the universities were expected to study God and heaven from the Bible and ancient books, rather than the world around them.

    Take medicine for example. The main textbook for doctors had been written by a Greek doctor called Galen more than a thousand years earlier. But when Roger Bacon, a thirteenth-century priest（牧师）, said that a new approach to medicine was needed --- doctors should do their own original research instead of reading writers from the past such as Galen-the Church put him in prison.

    By the time of the fourteenth century, however, some parts of the Christian Church were becoming less strict about their ideas and there was a new state of mind among artists, doctors and scientist. People wanted to find out more about the world by studying it. This attitude of investigation had been common in classical scholars, and it was ‘reborn' during the Renaissance.

阅读下面文章，完成后面题目。

中国人失掉自信力了吗

鲁迅

       ①从公开的文字上看起来:两年以前，我们总自夸着“地大物博”，是事实;不久就不再自夸了，只希望着国联，也是事实;现在是既不夸自己，也不信国联，改为一味求神拜佛，怀古伤今了——却也是事实。

       ②于是有人慨叹曰：中国人失掉自信力了。

       ③如果单据这一点现象而论，自信其实是早就失掉了的。先前信“地”，信“物”，后来信“国联”，都没有相信过“自己”。假使这也算一种“信”，那也只能说中国人曾经有过“他信力”，自从对国联失望之后，便把这他信力都失掉了。

       ④失掉了他信力，就会疑，一个转身，也许能够只相信了自己，倒是一条新生路，但不幸的是逐渐玄虚起来了。信“地”和“物”，还是切实的东西，国联就渺茫，不过这还可以令人不久就省悟到依赖它的不可靠。一到求神拜佛，可就玄虚之至了，有益或是有害，一时就找不出分明的结果来，它可以令人更长久的麻醉着自己。

       ⑤中国人现在是在发展着“自欺力”。

       ⑥“自欺”也并非现在的新东西，现在只不过日见其明显，笼罩了一切罢了。然而，在这笼罩之下，我们有并不失掉自信力的中国人在。

       ⑦我们从古以来，就有埋头苦干的人，有拚命硬干的人，有为民请命的人，有舍身求法的人，……虽是等于为帝王将相作家谱的所谓“正史”，也往往掩不住他们的光耀，这就是中国的脊梁。

       ⑧这一类的人们，就是现在也何尝少呢？他们有确信，不自欺；他们在前仆后继的战斗，不过一面总在被摧残，被抹杀，消灭于黑暗中，不能为大家所知道罢了。说中国人失掉了自信力，用以指一部分人则可，倘若加于全体，那简直是诬蔑。

       ⑨要论中国人，必须不被搽在表面的自欺欺人的脂粉所诓骗，却看看他的筋骨和脊梁。自信力的有无，状元宰相的文章是不足为据的，要自己去看地底下。