题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一

美国社会防反贪腐,并无新招,只是一些常见办法:政企严格分开,官员在岗期间,只从政不沾钱物,只掌政权而无经济特权。这就能从土壤和源头上对贪污腐败的滋生进行有效遏制;联邦调查与议会弹劾,两只眼睛死盯官员,分头监督,官员难有贪腐良机;官员一旦出现越轨行为,媒体就会蜂踊而至,口诛笔伐,无所不用其极。更为厉害的是,官员若有不良行为,将官员劣迹录入电脑,随时备查,迫使官员为了未来的生活和前途不得不好自为之;官员们都以洁身自好为荣,以贪污腐败为耻。

——摘自牛牧《美国社会怎样防贪反贪?》

材料二

在中国古代,各个朝代都强调反腐,秦朝建立完备监察机构(御史台),官员称“御史大夫”,汉代在继承秦制的基础上进一步完善了对官吏的考核,……汉律规定“吏坐受赇枉法,皆弃市”,且子孙三世“皆禁锢不得为吏”。西汉武帝正式把“吏不廉,背公向私”和“阿附豪强,进行贿赂”列为监察的重要内容,以后历代相沿不绝。明朝皇帝朱元璋除了允许越级告状、鼓励实名举报外,还支持民间进京上访。

——《中国古代反腐败措施》

材料三

新民主主义革命时期,中共制定《中华苏维埃共和国宪法大纲》、《陕甘宁边区施政纲领》、《陕甘宁边区宪法原则》、《华北人民政府施政方针》等对人民的监督权利予以保障。革命根据地建立了保障人民行使监督权利的机构,如江西瑞金苏维埃政府的控告局、抗日民主政权建立的专门监督机构人民监察通讯员制度。

1949年召开的七届二中全会上,***告诫党员干部:“…务必使同志们继续地保持谦虚、谨慎、不骄、不躁的作风,务必使同志们继续地保持艰苦奋斗的作风” ……从1951年开始到1954年结束,在党的正确政策指导下,整党建党运动取得了巨大的成绩,清除了党内严重的贪污腐化分子。之后,开展了“三反”运动,并取得了显著成效,***还 建立了中国人民政治协商制度(长期共存、相互监督……)

——摘自《***的反腐败建设》

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                                                                                       (D)

    Many people havegreat difficulty in saying goodbye. But from goodbye moments, we canalways learn something.

    Once, I overheard (无意中听到)a father and daughter in their goodbye moment. The father said, “I love you, Iwish you enough.” The daughter answered, “Daddy, our life together has beenmore than enough. Your lover is all that I need. I wish you enough, too, Daddy.”

    They kissed and she left …

    The fatherwalked over towards me. I could see he wanted and needed a cry. He came over tome and asked, “Did you ever say a forever goodbye to someone?” Before I couldanswer, he went on, “I am old and she lives much too far away. I know her nexttrip back would be for my funeral (葬礼).”

   “When youwere saying goodbye I heard you say, ‘I wish you enough.’ May I ask whatthat means?”

    He began tosmile, “It's a wish that has come down from my great-great-grandparents.And my parents used to say it to me.”

    He stoppedfor a moment and looked up as if trying to remember it. He smiled evenmore.

    “When wesaid ‘I wish you enough,’ we were wanting the other person to have alife full of enough good things.”

    Then, turningtowards me, he shared (分享)the following “wish” from his heart.

    I wish you enough sun to keep youbright.

    I wish you enough rain to appreciatethe sun more.

    I wish you enough happiness to keep you alive.

    I wish you enough pain so that thesmallest joys in life appear much bigger.

    I wish enough hellos to get you through thefinal goodbye.

    My friends, I wish you enough.