题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

材料一:清朝建都北京后,原居住于白山黑水间的各民族人口大量内迁,东北地区出现“沃野千里,有土无人”的状况。清廷把东北地区视为“龙兴之地”,在此设盛京。吉林、黑龙江将军,实施军事化管辖,设置关口,长期禁止关内人口迁居。往来须持有官方颁发的路票。“移民之居住有禁,田地之垦辟有禁,森林矿产之采伐有禁,人参东珠之掘捕有禁”。从乾隆年间开始,山东、河北等地“闯关东”者日盛,“每查办一次,辄增出新来流民”。他们“不但不肯回籍,抑且呼朋引类,日积日多”。清廷对东北地区时开时禁。

——摘编自葛剑雄主编《中国移民史》等

材料二:1689年的中俄《尼布楚条约》,划定了清朝与俄国的东段边界,但直至19世纪初,黑龙江以北数十万平方公里的土地上,居民不足1万人。第二次鸦片战争时,清政府被迫与俄国签订《瑷珲条约》和《北京条约》,清政府随即开放了哈尔滨以北的呼兰河平原和吉林西北平原。新来移民与当地满、蒙古等族通婚、建庙、演戏、立会、设学堂、建市镇。仅十余年,呼兰地区已是“三城相望,粮产富饶,商贾因之糜(群)集,流民居户不下十有余万”。1904年,清政府全面开放东北各边荒地;1907年,设奉天、吉林、黑龙江三省。1908年,仅奉天一省人口已达1100万人。1911年,清政府制定了东三省移民安边章程。

——摘编自白寿彝总主编《中国通史》

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    Everyone may make mistakes in his life, no matter how old he is. But not everyone knows what to do with them, especially the young people. Here is a story for you. You may find out the answer.

    There was a little boy visiting his grandparents on their farm. He was playing with a slingshot(弹弓) in the woods one day. He practiced a lot, but he could never hit his target(目标). He felt bored and went back for dinner.

    As he was walking back, he saw Grandma's pet duck. He used his slingshot one more time. He hit the duck in the head and killed it. He was very sad and afraid. He hid the dead duck in the woods. Then he saw his sister watching him. Sally saw it all, but she said nothing. After lunch that day Grandma said, “Sally, let's wash the dishes.” But Sally said, “Grandma, Johnny told me that he wanted to help in the kitchen today, didn't you, Johnny?” and then she said to him in a low voice, “Remember, the duck!” So Johnny washed the dishes.

    After several days of doing both his housework and Sally's, Johnny couldn't stand it any longer. He told Grandma that he killed the duck. She smiled, “I know. You see, I was standing at the window and I saw what you did. But I just wanted to know how long you would be your sister's slave(奴隶).”

    My friends, have you ever made such mistakes? As the saying goes, “Who can make no mistakes?” Next time when you do something wrong, you'd better say sorry to others. Others may forgive you, too.

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