题干

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【甲】

       先生不知何许人也,亦不详其姓字,宅边有五柳树,因以为号焉。闲静少言,不慕荣利。好读书,不求甚解;每有会意,便欣然忘食。性嗜酒,家贫不能常得。亲旧知其如此,或置酒而招之;造饮辄尽,期在必醉。既醉而退,曾不吝情去留。环堵萧然,不蔽风日;短褐穿结,箪瓢屡空,晏如也。常著文章自娱,颇示己志。忘怀得失,以此自终。

       赞曰:黔娄之妻有言:“不戚戚于贫贱。不汲汲于富贵。”其言兹若人之俦乎?衔觞赋诗,以乐其志。无怀氏之民欤?葛天氏之民欤?

(选自《陶渊明集》)

【乙】

       刘酒,汴人,无名字,自呼曰“酒”,人称曰刘酒云。画人物,有清劲之致,酒后运笔,尤觉神来。人以为张平山后一人,酒不屑也。凡作画,皆书一“酒”字款,其似行书者次,似篆籀者,其得意笔也。尝为上洛郡王作画,王善之,曰:“张平山后一人!”酒意嗔,急索画曰:“尚未款。”乃卷入旁室,纵笔书百十大“酒”字于上下左右。王怒甚裂其幅驱之出酒固怡然。酒于醉睡之外,唯解画,他一无所知。酒与予交最久,无妻子,每谓予曰:“死以累君。”一日方持杯大饮,忽然脱去,开口而笑,杯犹在手。余感其宿昔之言,为买棺殓之。

(选自《虞初新志•刘酒传》,有删节)

      【注释】张平山:名画家,擅画人物。款:钟鼎等器物上铸刻的文字,引申为书画上的题名。 篆籀(zhòu):即篆书。上洛:古地名,即今商县。

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    People are compassionate. With effort, we can translate compassion into action. An experience last weekend showed me this is true. I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the elderly. These old people are our main customers, and it's not hard to lose patience over their slowness. But last Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson. This untidy man walked up to my register (收款机) with a box of biscuits. He said he was out of cash, had just moved into his room, and had nothing in his cupboards. He asked if we could let him have the food on trust. He promised to repay me the next day.

    I couldn't help staring at him. I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and what he would be like if luck had gone his way. I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in the world. I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn't allow me to do so. I felt stupid and unkind saying this, but I valued my job.

    Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up. If anything, he looked more pitiable. “Charge it to me,” was all he said.

    What I had been feeling was pity. Pity is soft and safe and easy. Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in action. I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either. Then I reached into my pocket and paid for the biscuits myself. I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught me compassion.