题干

阅读材料,完成下列要求。

中国药学家屠呦呦因创制新型抗疟药一青蒿素和双氢青蒿素,荣获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

材料一:疟疾几千年来一直威胁着人类生命安全。疟疾的传统疗法是使用氯喹或奎宁,但在上世纪60年代,由于疟原虫对奎宁类药物产生抗药性,这种方法成功率不断降低,疟疾感染率呈上升趋势。1971年,屠呦呦团队尝试从中药里提取和分离抗疟有效成分,用低沸点溶剂处理青蒿,得到的提取物疗效更高更稳。1972年,中科院用当时最先进的“X﹣衍射法”帮助确定青蒿素提取物的立体化学结构,发掘出全新的抗疟药﹣﹣青蒿 素。1973年,屠呦呦团队研发出青蒿素第一个衍生物双氢青蒿素,使抗疟疗效提高10 倍。今天,人们对抗疟新药的研制正在向更高水平发展。

材料二:屠呦呦在获奖感言中说到广作为一名中医工作者,我有幸参与了青蒿素的研发工作,但我不是以获得诺贝尔奖为终极目的。我唯一的追求是:抗疟、治病。”

    “我还要感谢当年从事523抗疟研究的中医科学院团队全体成员,感谢全国523项目单位的通力协作。”

    “我唯一不感谢的,就是我自己。因为痴迷青蒿素,我把大量的时间、精力和情感投入到科研当中,没有尽到为人妻、为人母的义务和责任。”

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    Traditionally, across the world, boys and girls attend a mixed school, where they study together. But boys' schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions (情感) and encourage them to take part in activities such as art, dance and music.

    Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to take part in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to correspond to(和…相符) the "boy code" of hiding their emotions to be a "real man".

    The findings of the study go against accepted wisdom that boys do better when taught together with girls.

    Tony Little, head master of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.

    The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when girls do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.

    But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor (量身定做) lessons to boys' learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the study's author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.

    Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with "boy-focused" approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given "hands-on" lessons where they are allowed to walk around. "Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(女性的) and prefer the modern genre (类型) in which violence and sexism are major themes," James wrote.

    Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel that they had to be "masterful and in charge" in relationships. "In mixed schools, boys feel forced to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means," the study reported.