O. Henry was a pen name of an American writer. He wrote short stories. His real name was William Sydney Porter. He was born in North Carolina in 1862. As a young boy he lived an exciting life. He did not go to school for very long, but he tried to teach himself everything he needed to know. When he was about 20 years old, O. Henry went to Texas. There he tried different jobs. He first worked on a newspaper, and then had a job in a bank. When some money was lost from the bank, others believed O. Henry took it. So people sent him to prison﹡. He stayed in prison for three years. There he learned to write short stories. After he got out of prison, he went to New York and went on writing. He wrote mostly about New York and the life of the poor there. People liked his stories, because they always finished with a sudden change at the end, to the reader's surprise.

民主与法制是人类文明积淀的精华，但其确立经历曲折与反复。阅读材料，回答问题。

材料一：雅典民主历经发展与辉煌，终于在伯罗奔尼撒战争之后走向衰落。……所遵循的各种原则，所创立的组织形式以及运行机制，对西方民主产生了深远的影响。

——蒋云芳等《雅典民主政治的特征及对西方民主的影响》

材料二：“总统任期七年，连选得连任……每项命令须经由各部部长一人之副署……有特赦权；大赦则只能依法律行之……征得参议院同意后，得解散法定任期尚未届满的众议院。”“由国民议会选举的参议员以名单投票的方式依绝对多数票选出。”“参议院及众议院共有创议并制定法律之权。”

材料三：“参议院对于临时大总统认为有谋叛行为时……弹劾之。”“国务员辅佐临时大总统负其责任。”“临时大总统统率全国海陆军队……任免文武职员。”“总统得宣告大赦，特赦，减刑，复权；但大赦须经参议院之同意。”