阅读下面的文言文，完成文后各题。

    江谧字令和，济阳考域人也。祖秉之，临海太守，宋世清吏。父徽，尚书都官郎，吴令，为太初所杀。谧系尚方，孝武乎京邑，乃得出。解褐奉朝请，辅国行参军，于湖令，强济称职。宋明帝为南豫州，谧倾身奉之，为帝所亲待。即位，以为骠骑参军。谧转尚书度支郎，俄迁右丞，兼比部郎。泰始四年，江夏王义恭第十五女卒，年十九，未笄。礼官议从成人服，诸王服大功。左丞孙夐重奏：《礼记》女子十五而笄，郑云应年许嫁者也。其未许嫁者，则二十而笄。射慈云十九犹为殇。礼官违越经典，于礼无据。”博士太常以下结免赎论；谧坐杖督五十，夺劳百日，谧又奏：“夐先不研辨，混同谬议。准以事例，亦宜及咎。”诏“可”。出为建平王景素冠军长史、长沙内史，行湘州事。政治苛刻。僧遵道人与谧情款，随谧莅郡，犯小事，饿系郡狱。僧遵裂三衣食之，既尽而死。为有司所奏，征还。明帝崩，遇赦得免。为正员郎，右军将军。太祖领南兖州，谧为镇军长史、广陵太守，入为游击将军。性流俗，善趋势利。元徽末朝野咸属意建平王景素谧深自委结景素事败仅得免祸苍梧王废后物情尚怀疑惑谧独竭诚归事太祖以本官领尚书左丞。建元三年，为左民尚书。诸皇子出阁用文武主帅，皆以委谧。寻敕曰：“江谧寒士，诚当不得竞等华侪。然甚有才干，堪为委遇，可迁掌吏部。”谧才长刀笔，所在事办。太祖崩，谧称疾不入，众颇疑其怨不豫顾命也。世祖即位，谧又不迁官，以此怨望。时世祖不豫，谧诣豫章王嶷请间曰：“至尊非起疾，东宫又非才，公今欲作何计？”世祖知之，出谧为征虏将军、镇北长史、南东海太守。未发，上使御史中丞沈冲奏谧前后罪，诏赐死，时年五十二。

《南齐书·列传十二》

    We all fail,all the time.We might miss a call with a client because of an emergency work meeting,or miss that meeting because another project has suddenly become urgent.And then we (or our families) get sick,and we have to shift priorities around again.

    These unsystematic failures are benign,though.They reflect that all of us have limited resources.There simply is not enough time,energy,or money,to do everything you want to do all the time.Part of being a responsible adult is learning to make trade offs: balancing your conflicting goals and trying to get as much done as you can in the time you have.

    The thing you really need to watch out for is the systematic failure.The systematic failure happens when there's a particular goal you want to achieve,but never get to.The causes of systematic failures usually boil down to some combination of these three factors:

    1).Short-term pressures versus long-term goals.Most of us prefer to achieve pressing short-term goals rather than put time into long-term projects.Lots of research suggests that our brains are wired to prefer tasks that pay off in the short term rather than those whose benefit is long-term.The people who do manage to accomplish their long-term goals create regular space to make progress on them.

    2)._________Without even realizing it,we often do what is easiest to accomplish rather than what we say is most important.Email is a great example.If you are like most people,you keep your email program open at work all day. Consequently,each new message is an invitation to drop what you are working on to check it.It feels like work and it's much easier than finishing that 100-slide presentation.Simply shutting off email for a few hours a day can remove this source of distraction from the environment.

    3).Working for too long.Many workplaces create pressure to stay at the office for more and more hours,which (paradoxically) creates opportunities for systematic failures.Work is not an iron man competition where the last person there wins.Most people have an optimal（最佳的）number of hours they can work each day.For example,I can be productive at work for about 8-9 hours a day.If I spend any more time at work than that,then at some point,I start doing "fake work."

    The next time you run into trouble,assess whether it's an unsystematic failure or a systematic one.When you notice a systematic failure in your life,you need to make a change in your behavior.If you don't make a change,you will continue to fail.

    Finally,if you experience a lot of unsystematic failures,it might be worth rethinking the number of tasks you are taking on.Perhaps you need to offload some responsibilities onto someone else,before you start experiencing more systematic failures.