材料一:传统文化认为“中国”是“天朝上国”,周围各国如“夷”,即未开化的野人,必须向中国臣服。资本主义列强刚刚闯进中国时,中国沿用了“夷”的称呼,如“英夷”、“法夷”等。推而广之,凡是和外因事务有关的交涉,也统统称为“夷务”。
19世纪60年代起,“天朝”与“夷”的对称变为“中国”与“西洋各国”“泰西各国”的对称,“夷务”也就演变为“洋务”。
材料二:19世纪的报刊、揭帖中,对民众多以“臣民”“子民”相称。进入20世纪,“国民”“权力”话语逐渐取代了“臣民”“子民”话语。
It ____(snow)heavily last night.So I ____(ask)a few friends to the park this morning.The trees, the houses and the roads.____(be)all white.We ____(decide)____(make)a big snowman on the road.We ____(put)a carrot in the snowman's head.That ____(be)the snowman's nose.The two small black balls in his face were the snowman's eyes.Then we started ____(sing)and ____(dance) round the snowman.We ____(have)a great time today.