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    经筵举行的时间一般在早朝之后,皇帝在大汉将军二十人的保卫下首先驾到。在这文质彬彬的场合中,大汉将军也免除甲胃而穿上袍服,但仍携带金瓜等等必不可少的武器。皇帝在文华殿面南坐定,传谕百官进入,行礼如仪。至此,鸿肿寺官员将书案一张摆在御座之前,专供圣鉴;另一张摆设在数步之外,为讲官所用。参加听讲的官员鱼贯而入,分列书案左右。。

    万历元年正月初五日,小皇帝传谕内阁提前举行日讲。经筵和其他所有的仪式一样,必有其目视耳听的对称均衡。先一日用楷书恭缮的讲义此时已经陈列于案几之上。在赞礼官呼唱之下,两员身穿红袍的讲官和两员身穿蓝袍的展书官出列。他们都是翰林院中的优秀人员。讲官面对皇帝,展书官在书案两侧东西对立。接着是讲官叩头,叩头毕,左边的展书官膝行接近书案,打开御用书本讲义,用铜尺压平。此时左边的讲书官也已经趋前,站在中央的位置上,开始演讲。讲完后,书本盖覆如前,讲官及展书官退列原位,以便右边的同僚履行任务。左边讲官所讲授的是“四书”,右边讲官所讲授的则为历史。此种节目,历时大半天只有讲官可以口讲指划,其他全部人员都要凝神静听,即在皇帝亦不能例外。如果当今天子偶然失去了庄重的仪态,把一条腿放在另一条腿之上,讲官就会停止讲授而朗诵:“为人君者,可不敬哉?”这样的责难不断重复,决无宽贷,一直到这个为人君者突然发现自己的不当而加以改正,恢复端坐的形态为止。

    这种繁文缛节乃是当日国家中一种重要制度。经筵的着眼点在发挥经传的精义,指出历史的鉴戒,但仍然经常归结到现实,以期古为今用。称职的讲官务必完成这一任务,如果只据章句敷衍塞责或以佞辞逢迎恭维,无疑均属失职,过去好几个讲官就曾因此而被罢免。

    在正面阐述圣贤之道的时候,讲官可用极委婉的言辞,在不妨碍尊严的条件下对皇帝作必要的规劝。皇帝在经筵上可以提出问题,甚至说明他不同的观点,但是责问或指斥讲官,则属于失礼。即便讲官准备不充分,讲辞前言不对后语,皇帝感到不快,也不能当场流露,而只能在事后间接提出。执行任务时讲官所受的优礼乃是长期历史的产物;即在正德皇帝,那位大有离经叛道意味的人君,也没有废止这种优礼。这位不平常的皇帝,他对讲官接二连三地影射批批评自己,另有报复的妙法,即“一脚踢到楼上”——这些尽忠的讲官经常被升迁;其所任新职,则十九又在边区远省。

(节选自三联书店《万历五十年》)

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    Whether in your life or work, the following things are not the reasons for you to feel embarrassed. It's OK and just move on.

⒈Mistakes while learning

    There will be times when you have people above you(a boss) or even next to you(a coworker) that will get really annoyed with you for“ruining"  something "important".____ Even if you make mistakes and get a punishment, persevere and push on. You do not need to be embarrassed for learning from your mistakes.

⒉Food choices

    People are different and have different taste buds(味蕾).Whether it is healthy or not, food is a choice and it is part of life.____  You do not need to be embarrassed for food you do or do not like. Tell them, "It is a personal choice I have made, and I am committed to it.”

⒊Your past

    Allowing positive experiences to define, limit, improve, and outshine(凸显)you may cause you to be caught up in the past and unable to truly live in the present. Whether your history is positive, negative, or somewhere in between, don't hold on to the negative experiences and let it reflect your current behavior,____

⒋The clean lines of your car/home/workspace

    When everyone gets in the car, you realize your Starbuck bags are still on the floor. So what? Think about it this way: everyone has a "messy" aspect of their life. Maybe their home is completely clean, but the relationship with their spouse(配偶)is messy. Someone's car gets washed once a week, but his/her work life could use some help.____ We don't apologize to others about our personal limitations. By being outwardly embarrassed, it only brings more attention to the fact!

⒌Putting yourself first

    If you find yourself saying no to something or making up lies to get out of it,tell them the truth,  and don't apologize. You will feel much better in the long run if you are honest with them and yourself. If you're not up to a voluntary duty, you don't have to be. You can politely refuse the person's request.

    ____ Put yourself first.

A. It is simply a personal choice that people make for their own reasons.

B. It is okay to be selfish from time to time.

C. Errors are bound to happen when you have on your training wheels.

D. Each of them waits for your immediate help.

E. Let bygones(过去的事)  be bygones.

F. Forgetting history means betrayal.

G. No one on Earth lives a perfectly "clean" life in every aspect.