题干

阅读下列材料

材料一 漫画《思想家的话语》

材料二 《春秋》大一统者,天地之常经,古今之通谊也。今师异道,人异论,百家殊方,指意不同,是以上亡以持一统;法制数变,下不知所守。臣愚以为诸不在六艺之科孔子之术者,皆绝其道.勿使并进。邪辟之说灭息,然后统纪可一而法度可明,民知所从矣。

——《汉书·董仲舒传》

材料三  天理流行,触处皆是:暑往寒来,川流山峙,父子有亲,君臣有义之类,无非这理。

——《朱子语类》

材料四  古者以天下为主,君为客,凡君之所毕世而经营者,为天下也;今也以君为主,天下为客,凡天下之无地而得安宁者,为君也。是以其未得之也,屠毒天下之肝脑,离散天下之子女,以博我一人之产业,曾不惨然。曰:“我固为子孙创业也。”其既得人之也,敲剥天下之骨髓,离散天下之子女,以奉我一人之淫乐,视为当然。曰:“此我产业之花息也。”然则为天下之大害者,君而已矣,向使无君,人各得自私也,人各得自利也。呜呼!岂设君之道固如是乎?

——黄宗羲《明夷待访录·原君》  

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