题干

如图是几种常见的实验装置.

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同类题2

阅读下面的文字,完成下面的小题。

树欲静而风不止

心 远

嵇康,字叔夜。谯国铚县(今安徽濉溪)人。作为西晋时的文学家、哲学家与音乐家,其诗其文其人,历代多有评说。或曰:诗“含其润”“多俊语”“实开晋人之先”;或曰:文亦“情真语真”“奇丽超逸,览之跃然而醒”;或曰:“嵇康性不偶俗”“至是非邪正,绝不含糊恇怯”云云,亦不胜枚举。不过,我读其作品及传时,最为惊叹之处却是他的安静!当然,这不是一般意义上的安静了。

那是一种充满着诗意的安静:“轻车迅迈,息彼长林。春木载荣,布叶垂阴。习习谷风,吹我素琴……”多么静谧的春天!多么澄澈的心境!“目送归鸿,手挥五弦,俯仰自得,游心太玄……”多么清隽的氛围!多么萧散的的神情!即便是蒙冤入狱后的绝命之作《幽愤诗》里,也没有忘记表达自己“志在守朴,养素全真”以及“与世无营,神气晏如”的本志。

那是一种蕴涵着哲理的安静:且不说《养生论》的“清虚静泰,少私寡欲”,也不说《释私论》的“气静神虚”“体亮心达”;便是令人震撼的《与山巨源绝交书》中,一样透示着“游心于寂莫,以无为为贵”的老子之旨。

那么,现实生活中的嵇康呢?真可谓是心如止水,淡如明月。“竹林七贤”之一的玉戎便感慨说:“和嵇康相处二十年,从未见过他喜悦或恼怒的表情。”“心寂情泯”,静气迎人,二十年如一日,该是何等的“静笃”!素日里,他所心仪的生活不是“抱琴行吟、弋钓草野”,便是在竹林里和友人一道饮酒做诗,超然自适。总之,一派清静雅洁,玄思玄智的名士风范!可是,他却又不同于一般的名士。他尚有蕴藏于内的慎独和责任,及至“刚肠疾恶”。他最孤寂时,确乎还有一种大海一样的表面汹涌而底里晏定的动中之静!山涛便曾说过:“嵇叔夜的样子,高峻如孤松昂然独立。”实际上,在嵇康心目中青葱独立的山松一直是静定的象征。正如他的诗句吧:“遥望山上松,隆谷郁青葱。”

只可叹,树欲静而风不止。因其“越名教而任自然”的思想“与古时旧说相反对”又因其坚决不仕,与举荐他的山涛绝交,将自己与“今之贤能”公然对立;还因其好友吕安被其兄诬陷入狱后,仍然义不负心而牵连入狱;再加之权臣钟会乘机进谗,一代英才竟至被杀。

然而,面临死亡,嵇康从容,安详,在刑场上神色不变,并索琴弹奏《广陵散》。曲终且说:“袁孝尼曾请求学习这支琴曲,我因珍爱一直没有教他,《广陵散》从今以后绝传了!”那一刻,一定是绝调回响,清气环绕吧!

近读牟宗三先生所著《玄理与才性》一节,读至“王弼、嵇康、向秀、郭象,皆极高之哲学心灵也。嵇康被害,司马昭之罪大矣”时,仍不觉得有哀哉、痛惜之感。可是转念又想:嵇康的素雅与独立千古的安静,不也是为历史及后人留下的永恒吗?当着他的心性“虚一而静”的那个早晨,或者晚上,一个伟大的生命已经诞生了。

(选自《中外文摘》)

同类题5

     A 14-year-old British student is packing for the next day of school: textbooks, notebooks, pens, 250 grams of flour, an egg and some cooking oil. Wait, what? It's not a joke.
      From September, cookery will be a compulsory (必修的) course for kids aged 7-14 in the UK.Primary school students will learn how to put things together and make simple, healthy food.
     At high school, students will then master a number of different meals. They will also learn some cooking skills including baking.
Britain is sometimes known as a country with bad food and unhealthy eating habits. These new courses are part of the country’s effort to bring healthy food back onto the table.
     “One in four British families no longer has a table that everyone can eat around. One out of every two meals we eat is eaten alone. Only four out of ten of us enjoy eating meals with our children,” British writer Joanna Blythman wrote in her book Bad Food Britain: How A Nation Ruined Its Appetite (食欲) in 2006.
     Instead, ready meals have become the first choice for many British kids, because their parents are often too busy to cook a proper meal.
The Department for Education hopes that the cookery courses can introduce children to good food and reduce childhood obesity.
“It's important that children can develop an interest and understanding of good food,” said a spokesman for the department.
    “We want to encourage them to develop a love of food and cooking that will stay with them as they grow up.