Science has told us so much about the moon that it is quite easy to form an idea of what it would be like to go there. It is certainly not a friendly place. As there is no air or water, there can be no life of any kind. Mile after mile there are only plains(平原) of dust with mountains around them. Above, the sun and stars shine in the black sky. If you step out of the mountains shadows, it will mean moving from terrible cold into great heat. The moon is also a very silent(安静的) world, for sound waves (声波)can only travel through air. But from the moon, you can see a friendly sight(景色). Our earth is shining more brightly than the stars. It looks like a large ball, coloured blue and green and brown.

①空气中含有氮气、氧气、稀有气体、二氧化碳等，写出含量最多的气体的是____,造成温室效应的气体是____（均用化学式表示）.

②生理盐水是一种生活中常见的溶液，生理盐水中的溶质的化学式为____

③水是一种重要的自然资源.

Ⅰ.某自来水厂生产自来水流程如下：

自来水生产流程中加氯气的作用是____，通过过滤池除去的是____；加明矾的作用是____，明矾的成分是KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O，该物质由____种元素组成，构成该物质的微粒中氧原子和氢原子的物质的量之比为____，0.2mol明矾中含____个硫原子.

Ⅱ.下图1电解水实验揭示了水的组成。写出电解水的化学方程式____，其中得到氧气的试管是____（填“1”或“2”）；检验试管中的气体是氧气的方法是____.

④甲烷是天然气的主要成分，能和水反应制水煤气（混合气体），其反应的微观示意图如下图3所示.四种物质中，属于氧化物的是____（填化学式），该反应中生成物丙和丁的质量比为____.