题干

    Beyond Baby Mozart, Students Who Rock
    Music education hasn't changed much since the 1970s. Students are still taught to read notation(乐谱) so they can recite compositions that they would never listen to on their MP3 players or play with friends. Playing music enriches life. The question is: Why do schools teach music in a way that turns off so many young people rather than catch their imagination? Can we do a better job of using the power of music to get kids excited about school?
    The experience of an organization called Little Kids Rock suggests the answer is yes — if we change the way music is taught. Little Kids Rock has helped music programs in over a thousand public schools and served 150,000 children. The organization has given 30,000 free instruments out, mainly guitars, and trained 1,500 teachers to run music classes in which students quickly experience the joys of playing their favorite songs, performing in bands(乐队), and writing their own music.
    The key to Little Kids Rock is that it teaches children to play music the way many musicians learn to play it — not by notation, but by listening, imitation(模仿) and meaningful experimentation. “The knowledge you need to get started playing rock music is very limited,” explains Dave Wish, the founder of Little Kids Rock. “In high school, my friend Paul taught me a couple of chords(和弦) and my life was changed forever. On the first day of class, Little Kids Rock teachers place guitars in the hands of their students and get them practicing chords that will enable them to play thousands of songs. The kids decide what songs they want to learn and the class is off and running. Their progress is surprising. Within a year, eight and nine-year-olds are playing musical instruments, and giving concerts, even performing their own songs.
    One of the biggest advantages that music offers is the ability to encourage students who are otherwise bored by school. “I've had students start coming back to school because of this program,” said Adkison Thomas, who heads up music for the Dallas Independent School District. He added, “One of the best things is that the teachers discover a new side of their students. They see kids become successful who weren't before.”

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《新葫芦兄弟》遭差评引发的思考

毛建国

    国产动画片《新葫芦兄弟》自7月11日上线以来,网友一直吐槽不断,纷纷称其“糟蹋经典”“毁童年”。在豆瓣网上,网友给出的评分仅为3.7分。不过,相较于网友的差评,出品方的态度更值得玩味。从“一部拍给小朋友看的动画片,为什么要迎合80后的口味”这句话中,大致可以了解出品方的态度。这也引出了一个值得思考的问题:动画片到底应不应该考虑成年人的口味?

    《新葫芦兄弟》由上海美术电影制片厂和上海合源文化传媒有限公司联合出品,网友的吐槽主要集中在以下几个方面:造型上,从中国风变成了日版萌娃;剧情上,爷爷变成了土地公公,会法术,还像唐僧一样啰唆;语言上,使用了“吓死宝宝了”等较多网络流行语。很多孩子可能连上网打字发表评价都做不到,可以看出,这些吐槽多是成年人发出来的。可是,出品方真调查过,孩子喜欢什么动画片吗?

    不必讳言,现行的中国动画存在“甘蔗两头不甜”的情况。一方面,很多动画出品方把目标受众锁定于儿童群体,忽视了成年人的感受,一些动画甚至没有过硬的故事,穿帮画面比比皆是,让成年人极其不爽;另一方面,很多动画出品方在研究儿童心理上远远不够,不能说真正适合儿童年龄特点的动画片没有,最起码不多。看起来现在有一些国产动画片很受欢迎,其实这是无奈的选择。哪些动画片受欢迎,很大程度上是电视台决定的,它取决于电视台播什么以及播出的频次。

    之所以把“成年人口味”作为一个命题抛出来,不仅是因为成年人也有观看动画的需求,而且是因为成年人在很大程度上决定着动画的打开方式,决定着孩子看什么。有统计表明,虽然《新葫芦兄弟》的主创团队将该片的主要观众定为7~11岁的小学年龄段儿童,但事实上,真正的儿童观众只占不到五分之一,大多数的观众其实还是成年人。一部优秀的动画片,在观看人群上本就应该跨界,比如《猫与老鼠》这些经典片,就是“老少通吃”。更何况,很多80后已经为人父母,他们决定着自己的孩子能不能看、看多长时间。既然如此,又怎么能不在乎80后的感受呢?

    相比较而言,研究儿童心理远比研究成年人心理复杂和艰难得多,怕只怕既研究不了儿童心理,又不去研究成年人心理。从这个视角来看,有必要强调一点,动画片不能缺少成年人视角。

    想拍出一部叫座的动画片,确实不容易;在成人视角和儿童视角之间找到平衡,更不是一件容易的事。但就现实而言,我们最怕的是出品方既不研究儿童心理,也不研究成人思维,只是把精力用在公关和宣传上。至此可以回答,儿童动画该不该考虑成人口味?识者自有答案。

《人民日报》(2016年08月2日,有删改)