根据短文理解，完成下列各题。

It's not always black or white

    When I was in primary school, I got into a big argument (争吵) with a boy in my class. I forgot what the argument was about, but I will never forget the lesson I learned that day.

    I thought that I was right and he was wrong — and he thought that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson.

    She brought us to the front of the class and asked him to stand on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large, round ball. I could clearly see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the ball was. “White,” he answered.

    I couldn't believe he said the ball was white, when it was obviously (明显地) black! Another argument started between us, this time about the color of the ball.

    The teacher told us to change places and then asked me what color the ball was. I answered: “White.”

    It was a ball with two differently colored sides, and from his side it was white. Only from my side it was black.

Sometimes we need to loo k at problems from the other person’s view in order to truly understand his or her perspective (观点). 

历史的奥秘常常隐藏在多种历史的记录中，非洲大津巴布韦文明的确凿记录呈现了它曾经的辉煌。阅读下列材料：

材料一  历史为人类进化的记录。……最初是由考古学者从埋没地中的石器、土器、铜器等种种遗物或在洞窟内的壁画，而读着历史的记录；还有人类学者从现在的蛮人生活里而见着活活的历史的记录；再有历史家从古代荒唐的传说与神话中，窥破了赤裸裸的历史的事实。

                                                                                                                                                                   ——日上田茂树《世界史纲》

材料二  人类学反对某些人的观点，他们认为只有他们自己可以代表人类，只有他们最进步，他们是神或历史选择出来按照自己的面貌改造世界的。

                                                                                                                                                                   ——美马文·哈里斯《文化人类学》

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