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阅读材料回答问题。

材料一  从一九五三年以来,我国市场上出现了若干种日用消费品供不应求的现象。一九五三年上半年,在小麦遭受冻灾的地区,粮食的供求状况很紧张,下半年,食油、肉类在许多地方也供不应求,不少城镇中都要排队购买。适应当时的需要,中央人民政府在一九五三年十二月,对粮食实行了计划收购(即统购)和计划供应(即统销);然后对食用植物油也实行了计划收购和计划供应。从一九五四年九月十五日起,又对棉花实行计划收购,对棉布实行计划收购和计划供应。对粮食、油料、棉花、棉布的计划收购和计划供应无疑是一种重大的措施,它关系到全国人民生活中最重要的吃饭和穿衣的问题,也关系到我国城乡经济生活的许多方面。计划收购和计划供应对我们国家目前的情况来说,是很必要的。只有采用这种办法,才能保证我国人民生活日益增长的需要,才能制止投机活动,保证市场物价的稳定,才能使发展国民经济的第一个五年计划得以顺利地进行。

                ——陈云:《关于计划收购和计划供应》(1954年9月23日)

材料二  理顺物价,改革才能加快步伐。物价问题是历史遗留下来的。过去,物价都由国家规定,例如粮食,还有各种副食品,收购价格长期定得很低,这些年提高了几次,还是比较低,而城市销售价格又不能高了,购销价格倒挂,由国家补贴。这种违反价值规律的做法,一方面使农民生产积极性调动不起来,另一方面使国家背了一个很大的包袱,每年用于物价补贴的开支达几百亿元。这样,国家财政收入真正投入经济建设的就不多了,用来发展教育、科学、文化事业的就更少了。所以,不解决物价问题就不能放下包袱,轻装前进。最近我们决定放开肉、蛋、菜、糖四种副食品价格,先走一步。

              ——邓小平:《理顺物价,加速改革》(1988年5月19日)

材料三  1978年中共十一届三中全会后,国家大幅度提高农副产品收购价格,缩小农副产品的统购范围和降低征购指标,开放城乡农副产品集贸市场。到1982年,全国农副产品中油料产量超过1100万吨,比1978年增加659.9万吨;肉类产量超过1300万吨,比1978年增加494.5万吨;农村集市从无到有,发展到41184个。1983年,国家正式取消实行了20多年的布票,肉票、油票也陆续取消。1985年1月,中共中央一号文件《关于进一步活跃农村经济的十项政策》规定,国家对粮食、棉花等农产品实行合同定购和市场收购。农村粮食供给制随之取消。1993年2月,国务院发布《关于加速粮食流通体制改革的通知》,推动建立国家宏观调控下的自由市场购销体制,各地相继取消了城镇口粮定量供应制度。至此,长期以来实行的票证制度退出历史舞台。

              ——摘编自董辅礽主编《中华人民共和国经济史》

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