①宋代书法出现苏、黄、米、蔡四大家  ②魏晋时期汉字发展为自觉的书法艺术  ③秦篆汉隶大多是实用性文字  ④唐代开始出现法度规范的楷书

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       Oxford University has introduced confidence classes for female students to get them to compete for jobs in future and win chances to work in best companies.

       They may be young and gifted, but research at the excellent institution has found that female undergraduates(大学生)are shying away from applying for jobs in banking, finance, management consultancy(咨询), engineering and resource management. Partly as a result, starting salaries for women when they graduate are on average ￡2，000 to ￡3，000 lower than their male counterparts.

    “Women are earning less on leaving Oxford.It is ridiculous，”said Jonathan Black, the careers service director at the university.“We have high quality and high achieving students of both genders.But it appears that women are selecting lower paid jobs. They accept more prejudice in certain industries and are saying 'I won't struggle for that really high paid job'. We are not trying to push loads of women but we are trying to say, you should feel able to apply for these sorts of jobs.Boys seem to have more self­confidence and see the bigger picture generally, even though their self­belief is not necessarily based on any greater academic advantage.”

       The four­day programme at Oxford will help 45 female undergraduates improve their self­confidence and decision­making, think positively and build up their strengths. Confidence training will teach them how to deal with the opposition and challenging situations.

       Successful female employees from RBS and BP, which are supporting the course, will talk about their lives and careers. RBS's involvement follows a promise by the bank to increase its national percentage of female graduate applications from 35 percent to 50 percent by 2014.

       Sophie Kelley, 20, studying law at Oxford, is hoping the course will make her more confident in courses and interviews.“I am applying to London's law firms for vacation schemes and it is so competitive，”she said.“The rejection letters don't give any real feedback(反馈), so I'm expecting the programme might give me a hand and some advice.”

Notes：

①institution n．社会公共机构，制度，制定　②counterpart n．与对方地位、作用相当的人(或物)　③gender n．性别　④prejudice n．偏见，成见

    滕王元婴，贞观十三年始王，实封千户。为金州刺史，骄纵失度。在太宗丧，集官属燕饮歌舞，狎昵厮养；巡省部内，从民借狗求罝，所过为害；以丸弹人，观其走避则乐；城门夜开，不复有节。高宗以书切责曰：“朕以王至亲，不忍致於法，今署下上考①，冀愧王心。”

    久之，迁洪州都督。官属妻美者，绐为妃召，逼私之。尝为典签崔简妻郑嫚骂，以履抵元婴面血流，乃免。元婴惭，历旬不视事。后坐法削户及亲事帐内之半，谪置滁州。起授寿州刺史，徙隆州，复不循法。录事参军事裴聿谏正其失，元婴捽辱之。聿入计具奏，帝迁聿六品上阶。帝尝赐诸王彩五百以元婴及蒋王②贪黩但下书曰滕叔蒋弟不须赐给麻二车助为钱缗二王大惭武后时，进拜开府仪同三司、梁州都督。薨，赠司徒、冀州都督，陪葬献陵。

    子十八人，长子修琦嗣，为长乐王，馀爵公。垂拱中，六人死诏狱。神龙初，更以少子修信子涉嗣，开元中，授左骁卫将军。薨，子湛然嗣，从玄宗至蜀，擢左金吾将军。

（节选自《新唐书·列传第四·高祖诸子》）

【注】①下上考：唐代的对官员实行考评制度，考课成绩在中上以上的，每进一等就奖赏一季的俸禄；考课成绩为中中的，无赏无罚，俸禄不变；中下以下，每降一等就扣发一季俸禄。有下下考的，削除官职。元婴的成绩是下上考，要贬降。②蒋王：李恽（？-674年），唐太宗李世民第七子。

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