题干

物久则废,器久则坏,法久则弊,改革创新历来是中华民族源远流长的精神财富。请阅读材料,探究下列问题:

【政治篇】

材料一:管仲相桓公,霸诸侯,一匡天下。

——《论语》

及秦孝公用商君,坏井天,开阡陌,急耕战之赏……倾邻国而雄诸侯……至于始皇,遂并天下。

——《汉书·食货志》

如果说从平城到洛阳的北魏是汉化先行者,那么西魏、北周就是追随者……北周政权折射出中华民族历史重新走向全国统一,建立在魏晋南北朝民族大融合的基础使上。

——《简明中国史读本》

【经济篇】

材料二:如下图

春秋战国时期的农具和穿有鼻环的牛尊

【思想篇】

材料三:如下图

【教育篇】

材料四:魏晋以来,官员大多从各地高门权贵的子弟中选拔,权贵子弟无论优劣,都可以作官,许多出身低微但有真才实学的人,却不能到中央和地方担任高官。

——人教版历史七年级下册

材料五:中国进入近代以后,剧烈的社会大变动迫切需要大批与时代相适应的人才……而科举制度依旧执迷于八股文、小楷试帖,所取之人内不能兴国安邦,外不能御侮抗敌。

——杨齐福《科举制度与近代文化》

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    Paying a higher price than usual for a ticket to see a film in 3D is the annoyance of many a cinema-goer's life.

    But there may be a benefit to doing so, as a study has found that 3D films exercise the brain and improve short-term functioning in a similar way to brain-training tests.

    The research found that people who watched a movie in 3D improved cognitive (认知) skills, compared to those who watched it in 2D.

    The research was led by neuroscientist(神经学家) Dr Patrick Fagan from Goldsmiths University in London. More than 100 people took part in the experiment, where participants watched Disney film Big Hero 6 in either standard format or RealD 3D.

    They also carried out a brain-training-style test before and after seeing a section from the film. The test covered memory, reaction times and cognitive function and the results were compared later.

    According to the research, which was carried out in partnership with science group Thrill Laboratory, participants experienced a 23 percent increase in cognitive processing, as well as an 11 percent increase in reaction times.

    Dr Fagan said that the results showed enough of an improvement in brain function to suggest that 3D could play a part in improving brain power in the future.

    "These findings are more significant than you might think," he said. "It is a fact that people are living longer and there is a noticeable decline in cognitive brain function in old age which can worsen future quality of life. There has never been a better time to look at ways to improve brain function. The initial results of this study show that 3D films may potentially play a role in slowing this decline."

    A second part of the experiment involved those watching the film being fitted with headsets that scanned brain activity and this too showed heightened (加强的) activity when watching 3D. According to the results, participants were seven percent more engaged with what they were watching, adding to argument that 3D movies are more like watching real-life—something Professor Brendan Walker from Thrill Laboratory agreed with.

    "As Professor Brendan Walker's test concluded, 3D films are more attractive and heighten the senses — this, in turn, makes the brain run at quicker speeds," Dr Fagan said.