题干

阅读材料,回答问题

材料一:美哉禹功!明德远矣。微禹,吾其鱼乎!

——《左传》

材料二:禹在外治水13年,三次路过家门而不入。

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同类题4

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    People can be addicted to(沉溺于) different things — e.g. alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive(强迫的):They have a very powerful psychological(心理上的)need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit(以赊欠方式), charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

    There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets(预算), but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

    It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy(疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

同类题5

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:辛亥革命后,儒家经典从政治、教育领域全面退出,带来了人们对新社会秩序的怀疑和迷茫,也导致了空前未有的信仰危机。为了应对这种危机,朝野上下的守旧势力在“尊孔”的旗帜下力图重建新的信仰和道德秩序。康有为、陈焕章等人组织孔教会,发起了国教运动;以袁世凯为首的北洋政府公开命令尊孔读经,企图在“保存国粹”的幌子下强化对民众的思想控制。尽管袁世凯尊孔未必与其帝制活动有内在的联系,但他在尊孔的旗号下公开进行帝制复辟活动,则是不争的事实;至于孔教会与张勋复辟帝制之间的密切关系,同样也是无可争议的事实。尊孔思潮引起中国先进分子的猛烈批判,孔子及儒学的独尊地位亦随之瓦解。

——摘编自左玉河《民国初年的信仰危机与尊孔思潮》

材料二:17—18世纪,欧洲在工业革命奠定的基础上走向了空前的繁荣,与此同时,科学理性也渗透到社会生活的各个方面。虽然在理论舞台上唯理论和经验论展开了激烈的辩论,但是它们的目的却是一样的——为自然科学寻找可靠的基础。自然科学的发展极大地促进了社会的进步,但是它也导致人类心灵的堕落和生存价值的缺失。对工业文明中出现的道德沦丧和自我迷惘等种种社会危机,德国的浪漫主义者忧心忡忡。他们认为,一切后果都是和理性主义的研究方法分不开的,并由此对理性主义进行了深刻反思。

——摘编自王晶亮《德国浪漫主义的精神特质及其时代意义》