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    People can be addicted to(沉溺于) different things — e.g. alcohol, drug, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive(强迫的):They have a very powerful psychological(心理上的)need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, many people are compulsive spenders. They feel that they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit(以赊欠方式), charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending large amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.

    There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets(预算), but they are really playing an exciting game. When they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for the things that they do and the real reason.

    It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic values, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods. Psychologists often use a method called “behavior therapy(疗法)” to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.

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阅读下面语段,回答后面问题。
①“识时务者为俊杰”这句至理名言,历来被视为有逃避变节的嫌疑,其实不然。小到个人的自我设计,大到国家的大政方针,随着内部条件和外部环境的变化,难免要作出调整,改变,甚至于不得不放弃。
②学会放弃,放弃不是舍弃,是一种等待,等待更好的时机。“义”字化身的武圣关公,不也有过“降汉不降曹”的经历?可他“人在曹营心在汉”,心中总想着扶刘复汉,最终就有了“千里走单骑”的壮举!
③学会放弃,放弃不是退避,是一种贮蓄,贮蓄更大的勇气。古语谓“大丈夫能屈能伸”,“能屈”不是懦弱,是一种长远的策略,是为了“伸”得更远。拳头收回来,是为了更有力的打出去。越王勾践卧薪尝胆,最终取得大败吴国的战绩。
④学会放弃,不要硬挺着坚持,这样只会消磨你的意志,终究会迷失自己。一味地坚持再坚持,只能作出无端的牺牲,这是一种愚蠢者的傻与痴。孔明出山有出山的辉煌。约玛.奥利拉使诺基亚放弃电视机制造、机械以及其他产业,专心搞好电信业和移动电话业务,自有他的奥妙之处。握住手中最后一张牌固然美丽,那得看看你的脸上挂满泪水还是写着笑意。
⑤_____________________________________。放弃了荣华富贵,文天祥写下“人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青”的豪言;放弃了懦弱苟且,闻一多便有了面对敌人枪口傲然挺身,大义凛然发表最后一次讲演的壮举;放弃了美国面粉,朱自清用死诠释了一个中国男儿的骨气。正确地选择放弃,会有一种更多的得到、更大的自豪!
⑥学会放弃,放弃是一个更新的起点。鲁迅是万人敬仰的大文豪。当初他曾经选择了学医救国的道路。但当他认识到要拯救中华,只有先拯救国人那麻木的灵魂时,便毅然放弃了他的最初选择,弃医从文,拿起笔杆子同敌人作殊死斗争。试想,如果没有他的放弃,无数的国民能战胜愚昧,争来今天的幸福生活吗?可见,放弃可以使生命得到升华,甚至可以造福万民。
⑦学会放弃,放弃是一种智慧的美丽。懂得放弃,才更懂得拥有,懂得珍惜。