题干

阅读下列材料:

材料一  由于地理上的相对隔绝、政治上的相对独立稳定,古代中国人独自走着自己的文化发展道路,形成了技术型、经验型、实用型为主的科技体系。……中华民族先人在科学技术上的独特建树,一直保持着其永恒的魅力。

——摘编自吴国盛《科学的历程》

材料二  中国古代一向有重农传统,故而历代农书颇多,但同时却轻视手工业,少有全面记载手工业技术的著作。《天工开物》不仅首述农事,随后又以更多的篇幅记述手工业,这与明末启蒙思潮中出现的“工商皆本”的先进思想是相符合的。

——楼宇烈《中华文明史》

材料三  欧洲资本主义的产生和发展,为近代科学革命提供了重要社会条件。……牛顿是经典力学的集大成者,他总结和发展了开普勒的天体力学和伽利略的地上力学成就,提出了经典力学的一套基本概念,发现了物体运动三定律和万有引力定律。

——摘编自肖耀根《世界近代科学革命事件及其意义》

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    Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.

    “I would never have said to my mom, 'Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?''' says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”

    Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.

    Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent-child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.

    No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”

    But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There's still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”

    Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.

    “My parents were on the 'before' side of that change, but today's parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the 'after' side,” explains Mr. Ballmer, “It's not something easily accomplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”