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项王故里

梁衡

    项羽的家乡在苏北平原，两千年来不知几经战火，文物留存极少，而他的故里却一直没有被人忘记。清康熙四十年，时任县令在原地竖了一块碑，上书“项王故里”四个大字。这恐怕是第一次正式为项羽立碑，由是这里就香火不绝，直到现在有了这个旅游城。城内遍置各种与项羽有关的游乐设施，其中有一种可在架子上翻转的木牌，正面是项羽、虞姬等各种画像，翻过来就是一条条因项羽而生的成语。如：破釜沉舟、取而代之、一决雌雄、所向披靡、拔山扛鼎、分我杯羹、沐猴而冠、锦衣夜行、霸王别姬……讲解员说她统计过，有一百多条。现在我们常用到的成语总共也就一千来条，一般的成语辞典收三四千条，大型辞典收到上万条，项羽一人就占到百条。要知道他才活了三十一岁呀，政治、军事生涯也只有五年。后人多欣赏他的武功，倒忽略了他的这一份文化贡献。项羽少年时不爱读书，说“书足以记姓名而已”。未想他自己倒成了一本后人读不完的书。汉代是中国文化的源头之一，司马迁写了这样一个人物，塑造了这样一个英雄，就影响了我们民族的历史两千年，而且还将影响下去。

    汉之后，项羽成了中国人说不尽的话题。史家说，小说家写，戏剧家演，诗人咏，画家画，民间传。直到现在，他的故里又出现了这个旅游城，城门、大殿、雕像、车马、演出、射箭、投壶、立体电影、仿古一条街。项羽是民间筛选出来的体现了平民价值观和生活旨趣的人物，人们喜欢他的勇敢刚烈、纯朴真实，就如喜欢关羽的忠义。历史上的“两羽”一勇一忠，成了中国人的偶像。这是民间的海选，与政治无关，与成败无关，是与岳飞的精忠报国、文天祥的青史丹心并存的两个价值体系。一个是做人，一个是爱国。

    项羽是个多色彩的人物。刚烈坚强又优柔寡断，雄心勃勃又谦谦君子，欲雄霸天下又留恋家乡，八尺男子却儿女情长。他少不读书，临终之时却填了一首感天动地、流传千古的好歌词：“力拔山兮气盖世。时不利兮骓不逝。骓不逝兮可奈何！虞兮虞兮奈若何！”他杀人如麻，却爱得缠绵，在身陷重围、生死存亡之际还与虞姬弹剑而歌，然后两人从容自刎。他是一个性情中的人物，艺术境界中的人物，有巨大的悲剧之美。他身上有矛盾，有冲突，有故事；而其形象又壮如山，声如雷，貌如天神，是艺术创作的好原型，民间说唱的好话题。连国粹京剧都专为他设了一个脸谱。全国北至河北南到台湾，“项王祠”“项王庙”又不知有多少，百姓自觉地封他为神。南迁到福建的王姓奉霸王为自家的保护神，台湾许姓从大陆请去项羽塑像建庙供养，以保佑他们平安、幸福。这就像商人把关羽奉为财神。没有什么理由，就是信，自觉地信。

    但项羽毕竟是曾活动于政治舞台上的人物，于是他又成了一面历史的镜子。可以看出来，太史公是以热情的笔触、惋惜的心情刻画了这个人物。后人也纷纷从不同角度褒贬他，评点他，抒发自己的感慨。鲁迅说，一部《红楼梦》有的见淫，有的见《易》。一个历史人物，就如一部古典名著，能给人以充分的解读空间才够得上是个大人物。唐代诗人杜牧抱怨项羽脸皮太薄，说你怎么就不能再忍一回呢：“胜败兵家事不期，包羞忍耻是男儿。江东子弟多才俊，卷土重来未可知。”宋代的李清照却推崇他的这种刚烈：“生当作人杰，死亦为鬼雄。至今思项羽，不肯过江东。”***则借他来诠释政治：“宜将剩勇追穷寇，不可沽名学霸王。”项羽是一面历史的多棱镜，能折射出不同的光谱，满足人们多方位的思考。而就在这个园子里，在秋风梧桐与黄河古槐的树荫下，我看见几个姑娘对着虞姬的塑像正若有所思，而一个小男孩已经爬到乌骓马的背上，作扬鞭驰骋状。

（节选自梁衡《秋风桐槐说项羽》，题目为编者所加）

根据短文理解，选择正确答案。

    My friend BJ Gallagher told me a great story recently, about her own experience with resentment (愤恨). She once worked as the training manager for a large newspaper, where she found the corporate culture extremely frustrating. The company was a hundred years old and their past success ha d blinded them to the need for change. Finally, after butting heads with several senior executives (主管) many times, she left the company. But she found that she hadn't left her resentment, frustration, and anger behind when she resigned.

    “I finally decided to write about my experiences and my feelings at the newspaper. I wanted to be rid of that company and those people, once and for all. So I wrote and I wrote. It wasn't just a story that poured out; it was a whole book! We called it A peacock in the Land of Penguins. I was the peacock and those newspaper executives were the penguins.”

    “It took me several more years to finally get over my negative emotions. Through a lot of soul-searching and reflection, I finally was able to let go of my resentment. I came to see that there was nothing personal in the way they treated me, and they were good people doing what they thought best for the company. I was the one who had made it personal. I thought they were making my life miserable on purpose.”

    “Finally, the time came when I decided to make amends (弥补) for the sharp, angry things I had said about the company. I invited my former boss to dinner and made my apology. It was a great healing process for me. I finally felt free of the resentment that had been eating me up.”

    “What was the final outcome?” I asked her.

    “Gratitude,” she replied. “Not only wasn't I resentful any more, I was grateful to the company. If I hadn't had those painful experiences, I would never have written a book. And the book became hugely successful – now published in 21 languages; it transformed my business.”

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