宋元时期农牧文化的交融推动了中华文明的发展。下列能反映这一时代特征的有（    ）

①张骞出使西域，开辟丝绸之路         ②契丹族改进制度，吸收中原文明

③玄奘西游天竺，传播佛教文化         ④党项族仿照汉字，创制西夏文字

日本气候以____气候和____气候为主．日本的气候具有____性、____性．

放电影时，电影胶片上的图案经凸透镜在银幕上成的是（    ）

阅读理解

    Living in the wild can be hard. Finding food and staying safe aren't easy. Each day, animals struggle to survive in their habitats. Not all animals get by on their own. Some animals form a close partnership with other kinds of animals. These pairings are called symbiotic (共生的) relationships.

    In a symbiotic relationship, the animals depend on each other. One animal helps the other meet its needs. Sounds good, right? Not always. Some animals are not very kind to their partners. In some cases, one animal meets its needs but hurts its partner. Take ticks, for example. These insects suck blood to live. To get blood, they attach themselves to other kinds of animals. Ticks can pass germs that cause disease instead of helping their hosts.

    In other relationships, animals don't treat their partners so poorly Both animals benefit from living with the other animal.

    Small animals called cleaner shrimps have found a way of helping fish at coral reefs. As their name suggests, the shrimps clean the fish. They hang out at what scientists call a cleaning station. A fish stops by. Then a shrimp climbs onto the fish and even steps into the fish's mouth. The shrimp uses its tiny claws to pick stuff off the fish's body. That can include dead skin, tiny pieces of food, and wee creatures that can hurt the fish. The fish gets a nice cleaning. The shrimp enjoys a tasty meal offish trash.

    Small birds called plovers are also in the cleaning business. They have big customers—crocodiles. Crocs have long snouts（鼻子）filled with sharp teeth, Cleaning them is tricky. When a croc opens its mouth, the plover hops right in. The croc does not snap its snout shut. Instead, it lets the plover eat small, harmful animals attached to its teeth. The plover gets an easy meal while the croc gets clean teeth.

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