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                                                                                          神话:人类最早的故事
       人类最早的故事往往是从神话开始的。因为一个民族渐渐发展了,就开始对世界和自己的感到疑惑,并做出各种解答。这些形形色色的答案,在现代人看来,都是些荒诞不经的神话。可是,远古时代的人类信之不疑,不断地进行不自觉地阐释和发挥,并代代相传。
       神话具有一定的地域性和区域性,不同的文明或民族都有自己所理解的神话含义。但是,在全球各地,也出现过对同一种现象充满惊人相似性描述的神话。如关于上万年前的全球大洪水的神话,在许多地区的同一时期都有类似的描述。
       神话一般可分为三种类型。“开辟神话”反映的是远古人类的宇宙观,是用来解释天地形成、人类万物产生的。几乎每一个民族都会有这一类的神话,甚至还有不少有趣的相似性。中国、希伯来民族和古希腊的造人神话,均认为人类是神用泥土造出来的。
      “自然神话”是对自然界各种现象的解释。像《女娲补天》《精卫填海》《大熊星和小熊星》对日月星辰、山川草木、风雨雷电,乃至回声这样的自然现象的产生,做了很美丽的解释。
       数量最多的是“英雄神话”。这类神话产生比前两者稍晚,表达了人类反抗自然的愿望,也可说是人类某种劳动经验的概括总结。这时,人类已经不再对自然界产生极端的恐惧心理,有了一定的信心,就把本部落里具有发明创造才能或做出重要贡献的人物,加以夸大想像,塑造出具有超人力量的英雄形象。如中国的神农、黄帝、尧、舜、禹、后稷等。
        中国古代神话散见于各种书籍。现存最早、保存最多的是《山海经》,其中的《精卫填海》《夸父逐日》早为人熟知。《淮南子》《列子》《风俗通》《述异记》和魏晋南北朝的笔记小说中,也保存了一些神话故事。
        西方的神话则更加丰富了。古希腊神话是成体系的,神与神的关系复杂而且完整,主要见于两部荷马史诗《伊利亚特》《奥德赛》。古罗马神话多是承袭希腊神话的,只改了人名。其中表现的神都有和凡人相似的性情,如宙斯的残暴,很像人间的君王。古希伯来神话源于《圣经·旧约》。《世界最初的七天》《亚当与夏娃》和《诺亚方舟》故事,都取自其第一篇《创世记》,内容都与希伯来人所信仰的上帝耶和华有关。上述神话对西方文化有着巨大的影响力,构成了西方文明的文化背景。
        因此,神话可以说是人类早期的不自觉的艺术创作。
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    Some people think the government should move the big companies and factories in cities to the countryside. To what extent do you agree?

    Due to the increased urbanization, there appears a bunch of heated social problems. Some people have noticed that there are many big companies and factories in the city and they believe that moving those big companies and factories into countryside could be a good way to solve many of the city problems, such as traffic issues and housing problems. However, I hold an opposite opinion to them and I will explain it as below.

    Cities have much more advantages than countryside. There are more cinemas, restaurants and shopping malls in cities, let alone better education and health care. Living in cities makes life more convenient and enjoyable. Thus not everyone is willing to move to countryside in spite of their companies' moving. They have got cars, which transfers them easily between work and home. Therefore, the pressure of traffic will not be released due to such solution. As for the available empty places spared by the big companies, the newest small companies will take good care of them—with the realization of the benefits that running a business in cities will bring to them. In other words, situation of housing will not be improved much.

    Besides, there will be more problems if big companies and factories move out. Where there are big companies and factories, there will be cities sooner or later. Consequently, countryside is to be disappearing. What's more, industrial pollution is not an easily mended problem.

    In conclusion, moving big companies and factories out of cities is never a final solution. It tackles(解决) no problem but causes lots of them. Just imagine. The traffic is still terrible, and there is no more scenic countryside. We should look into other ways to solve the problems.