题干

阅读材料(下表),回答问题。

古代科举殿试有对策一科,应考者要回答皇帝关于治国策略的问题。康熙、雍正两朝部分殿试策问如下。表

康熙二十七年

(1688年)

商贩通行,经营域外物产,使我们的人民富足,其中确实有利无弊吗?

康熙三十年

汉唐(对经文)的笺疏,宋儒(对经文)的训诂,其繁简得失,义蕴的精深微妙,请予以点评。

康熙四十二年

治理国家,贵在政策适中。如果造作夸饰以求取名声,严峻苛刻以标新立异,即使立志廉政,人民也不能受惠。这岂不是变政革新却使人民烦困受扰,宽仁守旧则让人民休养生息?

康熙四十五年

标新立异,求取名声,以变政革新、稽查考核为能,则人民更加受累。朕希望大小官员都廉洁清白,和洽地统御人民,使人民安居乐业,没有狱案的困扰,应采用什么办法?

雍正二年

(1724年)

朕真诚地希望兴政事、慎法令,为地方做益事……革新会苦于变乱更易,避事则必然荒废政务。严峻苛刻,(朕)就忧虑滋扰了百姓;优厚宽容,(朕)又担心姑息养奸。应该怎么做?

雍正二年

士是四民之首,必须有良好的操行,才能倡导优良的风俗教化。今天士人华而不实,甚至嚣张奸诈,岂不是浸润教化还不到位吗?推崇道德,罢黜奸邪,必须劝勉和惩罚互用吗?

雍正二年

朕希望地方官多方劝课农桑,使懒惰的农民尽力劳作,荒芜的土地都变得肥沃,有什么办法?

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A

                                                                                    The Boy Made It!         

         One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
           Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
       He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter form the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him. Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on
 top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
           By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could- he huddled(蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave,because
 without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out to find help. He  had   walked for about a mile when a volunteer
 searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
           Nicholas mightnot have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watchedGrylls’ survival show. Man vs. Wild. That's where he learned the tips that saved his life, In each episode(一期节目)of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
          When Grylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.