阅读理解

    One of the main challenges facing many countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalization and the growing multi-language trend. "One of the main reasons for economic failure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few important exceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independent African states." said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Study of Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

    In response to the spread of English and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, many countries have introduced language laws in the last decade. In some, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in public spaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions(规定) was the 1994 "Toubon law" in France, and the idea has been copied in many countries since then. Such efforts to govern language use are often considered as futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficulty in controlling fashions in speech and know from research that language switching among bilinguals is a natural process.

    It is especially difficult for native speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the "purity" of a language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continually absorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixed and rapidly changing languages in the world, but that has not been a barrier to acquiring superiority and power. Another reason for the failure of many native English speakers to understand the role of the state regulation is that it has never been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had a state-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to the Academic Francaise in France.

    The need to protect national languages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially the need to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields. Public communication, education and new ways of communication promoted by technology, may be key fields to defend.

写出下列词语的反义词。

延误——____         允许——____

历史一选考三:中外历史人物评说

材料：南宋光宗绍熙元年（公元1190年），陆九渊任荆门军知军。他上任后，正值金兵南侵压边境，他便主持构筑荆门城，并开挖了护城河渠。还大刀阔斧地改革荆门军的税收弊端和不合理体制以及官场的陈规陋习，重视整军习武。废除了荆门境内税卡，减免捐税，一时间荆门商贾云集，税收日增，民讼渐息，盗贼敛迹。守边防，固前沿，从此荆门有了城池，他大力阔斧地改革荆门军的税收弊端和不合理体制，以及官场的陈规陋习，重视整军习武，提拔人才。他宣讲心学，崇教化，易风俗；引导民众从内心自觉履行道德仁。他废除了荆门境内税卡，减免捐税，一时间荆门商贾云集，税收日增，民讼渐息，盗贼敛迹。

——摘编自（荆州地方志》等