I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route. He replied, "You mean fortunately." He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided.

    My attitude to the hill has now changed. I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs. It will help me to lose weight and get fit. It will mean that I live longer. This hill is my friend. Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationery exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free. I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill.

    Problems are there to be faced and overcome. We cannot achieve anything with an easy life. Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree. Her activism and writing proved inspirational. She wrote, "Character cannot be developed in ease. Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved."

    One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity （逆境）. From time to time we all face hardships, problems, accidents and difficulties. Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own. While we cannot choose the adversity, we can choose our attitude towards it.

    Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident. He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans. He was an inspiration to others during the war. He said, "Don't listen to anyone who tells you that you can't do this or that. That's nonsense. Make up your mind, you'll never use crutches （拐杖） or a stick, and then have a go at everything. Go to school, and join in all the games you can. Go anywhere you want to. But never, never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible."

    The biographies （传记） of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced. The common thread is that they did not become depressed. They chose their attitude. They chose to be positive. They took on the challenge. They won.

    Nevertheless, there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.

方程|4x-8|+$\sqrt{x-y-m}$=0，当y＞0时，m的取值范围是（　　）

阅读现代短文，完成下列小题。

自拍神器

       ①“你还拿着自拍这个……吓人哪……我这话出去了，就是你（播出去的）……”中纪委书记王岐山看着崔永元举着的自拍杆，哈哈大笑。不止小崔，小米CEO雷军和多位记者也都在3月份召开的“两会”上使用了这种神器，自拍杆在两会上真是大放异彩。

       ②神器自拍杆堪称自拍爱好者的福音。它的主要部件是伸缩杆、固定支架和蓝牙遥控自拍器。它曾是跳伞等极限运动发烧友的专业用品，但人们很快发现了它的其它好处——能把更多的人装进相框,这真是一大惊喜！因为“自拍”虽风靡已久，但伸长手臂自拍始终有难以突破的局限——镜头离人太近，能拍进来的人太少。而该“神器”使用者只需将手机或者傻瓜相机固定在自拍伸缩杆上，通过遥控器就能实现多角度自拍。

       ③自拍大家都会，但如何正确使用自拍杆却是一门手艺活。

       ④首先要选择和自拍杆重量相匹配的搭档。自拍杆原则上能像独脚架一样，固定手机、相机和平板电脑等多种拍摄工具，但自拍杆本身重量不过一两百克，要再加上平板电脑就成了双手武器，还是斧头造型的，一点都不酷，所以手机才是它的最佳“拍”档。

       ⑤其次，拍照时还要注意伸缩杆的长度。自拍杆的伸缩范围一般是20到120厘米。自拍杆拿在手中，拍照时可能会因手抖而产生虚像，杆越长抖得越厉害，就像钓鱼时手一动鱼就溜了一样，所以不建议把杆调得过长。

       ⑥仅注意这些还不够,更重要的是角度。除非要拍威廉王子的发际线，否则俯视众生的上帝视角毫无意义。45度才是自拍的最佳视角，具有瘦脸、遮盖双下巴和仰望星空等多重功效。要赢就赢在起跑线上，掌握好自拍角度能省去后期修图的诸多烦扰。

       ⑦另外，由于自拍杆取景范围广，入镜的人还得注意着装是否无死角，在上半身西装领带、下半身大裤衩的直播间工作场景，自拍杆可能就不那么适用了。

       ⑧“自拍杆”这个新鲜的小玩意，其实并没有我们想的那么“年轻”，实际上它已经至少存在几十年了，而且几乎每十年都有不同的自拍杆诞生。

       ⑨1983年，日本人上田宏申请了可扩展杆的专利，这可能是世界上首个自拍杆，可惜在商业上并未取得成功。1995年，自拍杆还曾出现在一本日本科技杂志讲述“无用日本发明”的章节里，那时数码相机还未得到广泛使用，人们想象不出咔嚓咔嚓走一堆胶片拍张大头贴有什么意义。21世纪初期，加拿大发明家Wayne Fromm发明了一个手持可伸缩自拍杆，并在2005年申请了专利，自拍杆开始在一些专业领域得到广泛使用。

       ⑩如今自拍杆样式五花八门，并随时可能有新的样式出现。随处都可见到使用自拍神器的年轻人，自拍杆迅速成为了人们生活中的一部分，几乎所有人都接受了这个表达自我的新方式。它甚至成为中老年政客亲近年轻人的上好工具。去年10月，韩国总统朴槿惠在一个经济中心的成立仪式上，就拿出自拍杆与青年们合影。2014年《时代》杂志还把自拍杆评为年度25大发明之一。

       ⑪当然，并非所有人都对自拍杆满怀好意。韩国政府已下令禁用未获认证的蓝牙“自拍神器”，因担心这些装置发出的电磁波对人体有害，另一理由是可能干扰其他装置的信号。新加坡、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家如今都禁止在公共场合使用自拍杆，为的是预防可能发生的文物破坏或者伤人事件。一些体育馆、音乐会、博物馆，乃至最新的苹果发布会都明令禁止人们使用自拍杆。

       ⑫禁止归禁止，不可否认自拍神器已迅速风靡全球，引人思考的是我们为什么如此迷恋用自拍杆自拍时鸟瞰自己（或别人）的感觉。

                                                                                                                                                                   （选自2015年5月《青年文摘》有改动）