材料一：春秋以前，土地属于国家所有。春秋以来，由于铁农具和牛耕的使用和推广，大量荒地被开垦出来，一些奴隶主将新开垦出来的田地变成财产并出租……

——摘自人教版教材《中国历史》（七年级上册）

材料二：江南地广或火耕水耨。民食鱼稻，以渔猎山伐为业。……饮食还给，不忧冻饿，亦亡（无）千金之家。

——《汉书》中描述的江南状况

材料三：江南之为国盛矣。……地广野丰，民勤本业，一岁或稔，则数郡忘饥。……丝绵布帛之饶，覆衣天下。

——《宋书》中描述的江南状况

材料四：（宋代中国）现代化的程度令人吃惊，货币经济、纸钞、流通票据、高度发展的茶盐企业非常独特……在人民日常生活……各方面，中国是当时世界上首屈一指的国家，其自豪足以认为世界其他各地皆为“化外之邦”。

——（法）谢和耐《南宋社会生活史》

下列有关兴奋在神经纤维上传导的叙述，不正确的是（　　） 

①通过创新文化形式展现文化成就        

②经济和文化相互影响相互交融

③大众传媒是文化传播的重要途径         

④科学技术的进步推动文化发展

根据短文理解，完成下列各题。

It's not always black or white

    When I was in primary school, I got into a big argument (争吵) with a boy in my class. I forgot what the argument was about, but I will never forget the lesson I learned that day.

    I thought that I was right and he was wrong — and he thought that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson.

    She brought us to the front of the class and asked him to stand on one side of her desk and me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large, round ball. I could clearly see that it was black. She asked the boy what color the ball was. “White,” he answered.

    I couldn't believe he said the ball was white, when it was obviously (明显地) black! Another argument started between us, this time about the color of the ball.

    The teacher told us to change places and then asked me what color the ball was. I answered: “White.”

    It was a ball with two differently colored sides, and from his side it was white. Only from my side it was black.

Sometimes we need to loo k at problems from the other person’s view in order to truly understand his or her perspective (观点).