题干

阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一:‘“论中国政治制度,秦汉是一个大变动。唐之于汉,也是一大变动。但宋之于唐,却不能说有什么大变动,一切因循承袭。有变动的,只是迫于时代,迫于外面一切形式,改头换面,添注涂改地在改变。纵说它有变动,却不能说它有建立。”

——摘自钱穆《中国历代政治得失》

材料二:《史记·秦始皇本纪》载:赵高(时为丞相)势倾人主,老臣皆被黜。尝遇朝会,乃使人献鹿于帝,高指曰:“此马也。”二世笑曰:“丞相误矣
此鹿也。”群臣皆微笑而不敢扬声。
材料三:“倘使我们说,中国传统政治是专制的,政府由一个皇帝来独裁,这一说法,用来讲明清两代是可以的。”

——摘自钱穆《中国历代政治得失》

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