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    A new App has been used in South Africa to benefit (有助于)the relationship between wildlife and humans.

    Roadwatch, created by the Endangered Wildlife Trust (EWT),is designed to let drivers   record any roadkill they see on the country's highways.

    It may seem like a strange idea, but EWT says that it could become the perfect platform for receiving important information. Information on where endangered species (物种)are living and the danger that they are under from traffic can help to inform decisions on conservation of matters (物质守恒)in the future.

    People can use the App through Facebook, WhatsApp, SMS and Linkedin to report the   species, location, time and date of the creature that has been seen on the road.

    Wendy Collinson field officer at EWT suggested that it could lead to more people taking care on the roads and paying more attention to animals that may be trying to cross the roads. One of the biggest problems is with reptiles (爬行动物)and snakes, which she believes people hit on purpose, as they are generally seen as scary. However, they are important to the health of ecosystems, just as all creatures are and also need to be protected.

    Emily Taylor from EWT said, “Roadkill simply hasn't been studied here. The road ecology and how many endangered species are being killed, is something we need to know more about. We want people to report as much as possible.”

    There have been some other Apps to use in relation to wildlife spotting in South Africa, but most of them are about animals that have not been knocked down, including those helping to collect information of where certain species have been seen, such as in parks.

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阅读材料,完成下列各题。

材料一

事实上,无论在宗教改革运动之前或之后,政府没收教会财产都没有使它与罗马天主教的关系破裂。……看来经济条件所起的决定作用比宗教信念和政治形势的作用要小。加尔文教不仅在城市,而且在诸如苏格兰、波兰和匈牙利等农业国也同样赢得了信徒。路德教在经济停滞的北德意志要比在经济繁荣的南德意志发展得更为顺利。而在法国,当许多封建领主和农民皈依新教时,巴黎和许多其他城市仍坚定地信仰天主教。

——(美)帕尔默《现代世界史》(上)

材料二

在保留他们称之为圣餐或最后的晚餐的天主教弥撒仪式方面,路德和加尔文都反对圣餐变体论,但路德坚持认为上帝不管怎样确实呈现在礼拜仪式适用的面包和酒上,加尔文及其信徒则更趋向于将之看作是一种虔诚行动,具有象征性或纪念性的特点。

两人都大量吸收了圣奥古斯丁的观点,认为从神的赏罚观点看来,人依靠自己的行动永远不能解救,人具有的感化只能来自上帝的自由行动。加尔文是一个严厉的人性批评家,他觉得获得感化的人相对来说寥寥无几。他们是上帝的选民,是虔诚的信徒,是一小部分不靠自己的功德而早就被选定会得到拯救的人。

加尔文教徒不承认教会从属于国家,不承认任何政府有权制定有关宗教的法律。

——(美)帕尔默《现代世界史》(上)

材料三

欧洲的上层阶级有一种共同的、国际性的文化,这种文化的主体是法国文化。但是,英国也颇为重要。一直以来,人们多少认为英国属于欧洲的边陲地区,现在英国向中心靠拢了。可以说,孟德斯鸠和伏尔泰为欧洲“发现”了英国。

——(美)帕尔默《现代世界史》(上)

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