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一个边长为4 cm 的等边三角形ABC与⊙O等高,如图放置,⊙O与BC相切于点C,⊙O与AC相交于点E,则CE的长为____cm
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             Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to 
school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.
       Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be 
involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was
 parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may 
either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."
       Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically
 insignificant.
      Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved
 parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big 
surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."

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为鸡的“智商”翻案

    在人们印象里,鸡是笨或蠢的代名词。但事实并非如此,根据前不久,全球领先的科学技术和医学出版机构施普林格(Springer)旗下期刊《动物认知》(Animal Cognition)发表的文章:鸡的智力水平被无端低估,并被其他禽鸟种类遮掩了。

    文章认为,鸡有独特的个性,不仅会运用策略智取对手,还懂得自己在啄食顺序中的地位,进行相关的演绎推理——这是人类到7岁才逐渐形成的能力。

    洛丽·马里诺(Lori Marino),美国一个有关动物福利及研究项目的资深科学家说,在人们眼中,鸡的身上缺少其他“聪明”动物所具备的特点,其智力水平也比其他动物低。事实并非如此,人们对于“家鸡心理学”这个概念也比较陌生。

    科研人员拿刚刚孵出的雏鸡做了一次实验,结果和人类固有的刻板印象有所不同:原来,鸡对于数字有一定的认知。

    马里诺说,科研人员在刚出生5天的家鸡面前,放置两组不同数量的物品,当科研人员用两块隔板阻挡物品之后,家鸡还能成功找出哪块隔板后面的物品更多。科研人员推断,家鸡似乎进行了加减形式的简单算数。

    不仅如此,鸡还有一定的记忆能力。

    如果鸡看到一个移动的小球,那在小球消失后,它还能记住其移动轨迹,而且,这一记忆能够维持180秒钟;如果将小球的位移遮挡住,它依然能记住其移动轨迹,时长为1分钟。在类似条件下,这一能力表现与大多数灵长类动物不相上下。

    更为重要的是,马里诺发现,鸡有“自我意识”。比如,鸡在争取更好的食物奖赏时,会保持自制力。而且,还能自我评估自己在啄食顺序中的地位。这两个特点是自我意识的体现。

    这一点也体现在鸡的沟通方式上。马里诺说,鸡的沟通方式相当复杂,包括了一系列不同的视觉展示,和至少24种不同的鸣叫。这涉及呼唤、展示和啼叫等传递信息的信号。例如,当有危险时,它们以此发出警报。这种能力需要某种程度的自我意识,以及领悟其他动物意图的能力,这也是包括灵长类动物在内的高智商、群居动物所具备的能力。

    此外,鸡能够“感受”一系列复杂的消极和积极的情绪,这包括恐惧、期待和焦虑。相应地,它们能够根据情况作出最有利于自己的决定。

    马里诺研究发现,鸡还是一位多情的“移情者”。不仅单个小鸡有鲜明的个性,母鸡们也会表现出一系列单独的母性特质,并似乎会影响到小鸡的行为,这种行为被称为情绪传染。

    形象地说,即家鸡们能够做到互相欺骗,互相观察,乃至互相学习。

    马里诺说,未来,科研人员还将就家鸡的心理和行为提出更多问题,带来更准确、更丰富的数据,并让人类更加真实地了解家鸡究竟是怎样一种动物。