①尊重民族间的差异，实现各民族共同繁荣

②保障民族地区的人大、政府、法院等自治机关更好地行使自治权

③反对国际敌对势力利用民族问题干涉我国内政

④在民族区、民族州、民族乡等少数民族居住的地区实行民族区域自治

In 1638, John Harvard donated some money and about four hundred books to a new university. This was the beginning of the library at Harvard University. The gift was so important that the university was named for John Harvard.
Thomas Bray began the first free lending library in the late 1600s. He set up more than 30 or these libraries in the American colonies. However, the idea for this kind of free library ended when Bray died in 1730. In 1731, Benjamin Franklin and some friends started the first subscription（订阅费） library in the United States. In a subscription library people pay money to become members, but they may borrow the books without paying again.
In the United States, every child had a free education. This idea soon led to free libraries. One of the first libraries that used tax money to buy books was a library in Peterborough, New Hampshire. This library was set up in 1833.