①都规定了割地  ②都有赔款  ③都规定了帝国主义在华设厂  ④都规定了开放通商口岸

    Nobody likes doing the dishes, but it turns out that doing this daily task might pay off in an unexpected way. According to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics, washing dishes by hand instead of using a dishwasher might prevent the development of allergies.

    Researchers in Sweden surveyed the parents of 1,029 children ages 7 and 8. They discovered that children whose families hand-washed the dishes instead of using a machine were less likely to have allergies.

    Earlier research has shown that dishes washed by machine are cleaner than those washed by hand. So why would kids who eat off slightly dirtier plates be better off when we talk about preventing allergies? One explanation is based on a theory known as the "hygiene hypothesis (卫生假说)," which says the reason why kids develop allergies is that their surroundings are actually too clean.

    Your immune (免疫) system keeps you healthy by fighting germs (病菌) like bacteria and viruses. But when you have allergies, it overreacts and tries to fight ordinary things like pollen (花粉) or certain foods.

    Being exposed to germs, particularly early in life, is good training for the immune system, says the lead author of the study, Dr. Bill Hesselmar of Queen Silvia Hospital in Sweden. "You excite the immune system in various ways and it becomes tolerant."

    This study shows that while using the dishwasher might be easier, the old-fashioned method of cleaning up could be better for your health.

指路的男孩儿

    ①香港屯门有一条轻铁，沿途一边是街道，一边是山坡绿地。站台是敞开的，有车费刷卡机供乘客自己刷卡。站在月台上看闲花野草，看楼宇路人，一会儿有电车驶来，路轨的震荡声在高远的天空下传得很远，感觉很悠闲。

    ②与朋友搭轻铁去天水围，在月台上，我遇到了一个十来岁的小孩。那是一个胖胖的男孩儿，穿一条肥大的短裤，颈上挂着八达通卡，手里提着一个黑色的乐器盒，肩上的布袋里想必就是乐谱了，应是星期六去上琴课或下琴课回家。

    ③看他神情严肃、身负要务的样子很有趣，我们便指指他的盒子问：“双簧管？”又问：“单簧管？”他先是绷着，后来绷不住了，鼓鼓的脸颊上露出了笑容。我们第三遍问：“小提琴？”他用劲点了一下头，猜对了。他不说话，只是笑。于是我们就唱起一段小提琴基础课程《开塞》练习曲，与他套近乎。他还是笑笑，不说话。但与我们之间似乎有了些默契。

    ④车快到了，我看向站牌。情形比预想的复杂，同一站台上有多条不同路线，而我们要去的天水围似乎不在任何一条路线上。于是招呼新认识的小朋友请他指点。他默想了片刻，胖胖的手指头在路线图上指定一个点，说明我们应乘的那路车；手指头沿着路线图上的线爬行一段后停下了，表示我们抵达的地方；停了一会儿，他的手指头又跳到另一条路线上，意思是要换车；然后手指头迅速爬行直至天水围，停下，说明到了目的地。

    ⑤指点完毕，他便走开，与我们保持一段距离。车来了才知道他与我们是同一路车。拥塞的人群将我们的视线阻断了，几次我见他转着头寻找我们，脸上流露出焦急的表情，但看见我们后又立即回过头去看前边人的背脊。

    ⑥到了他指定的换车站，原来是个枢纽大站，下车后，他遥遥对着我们指出一个方向，我们顺着他的指点走了几步，不料已到对面站台的他转身奔来。他努力交替着滚圆的小腿，将小提琴盒提高到膝盖以上避免磕碰，十分吃力，肩上的布袋也不停地拍打着他的身子。我们不由得停下脚步。他一边跑，一边用手再次强调地指点，让我们明白走错了。最后他引领着我们走到正确的站台，然后还是站在一段距离以外。

    ⑦车站月台熙来攘往，他与我们就像茫茫人海中的相遇或相知，聚散无常的样子。等到驶往天水围的轻铁靠站，小男孩看我们上了车，才放心离去。

    ⑧从他手提的小提琴看，小男孩儿不会超过十岁的年龄。从头至尾，他基本没有说话，可能是怕我们听不懂他的粤语吧，也可能是怕我们笑话他的普通话。那极少极关键的几个字，他都是用英语说的。唯有那《开塞》小提琴练习曲的旋律为我们作了沟通，让我们在这人世间萍水结交。